ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2020
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 and NT-proBNP as Blood-Based Markers of Vascular Brain Injury and Dementia.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circulating level of growth-differentiation factor 15 and the functional outcome after acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Head & face medicine · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review of the neuroprotective role and biomarker potential of GDF15 in neurodegeneration.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- High-Sensitivity Troponin T, NT-proBNP, and Cognitive Outcomes in SPRINT.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2024Trial
- Association of plasma growth differentiation factor 15 with wake after sleep onset in mild cognitive impairment.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2026Article
- The landscape of plasma proteomic links to human organ imaging.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Longitudinal plasma proteomics separates diagnostic differences from progression-linked changes in Alzheimer's disease.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Plasma GDF15 affects long-term dementia risk and alters neuroimmune signaling.Science advances · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 as an Early Biomarker of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity Using an Integrated PK/PD Model.Clinical and translational science · 2026Article
- Growth differentiation factor 15 predicts physical function impairment in Spanish older adults: a real-world prospective study.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Associations between cognitive frailty and circulating cardiovascular biomarkers in a memory clinic cohort.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Heart-Brain Axis: Subclinical Cardiovascular Changes and Brain Health.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Review
- GDF15 - A potential novel biomarker of cognitive impairment in cervical dystonia.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- GDF15 as a sentinel of metabolic integrity: a narrative review of stress signaling, multisystem pathophysiology, and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Subclinical cardiac dysfunction and circulating markers of brain injury in older adults: The cardiovascular health study.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2025Article
- Radiomic and proteomic signatures of body mass index on brain ageing and Alzheimer's-like patterns of brain atrophy.EBioMedicine · 2025Article
- Mediating and moderating effects of plasma proteomic biomarkers on the association between poor oral health problems and brain white matter microstructural integrity: the UK Biobank study.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Article
- DNAm scores for serum GDF15 and NT-proBNP levels associate with a range of traits affecting the body and brain.Clinical epigenetics · 2024Article
- Growth Differentiation Factor 15 and Diet Quality Trajectory Interact to Determine Frailty Incidence among Middle-Aged Urban Adults.The Journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Correlations of Plasma Biomarkers and Imaging Characteristics of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.Brain sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background GDF15 (growth differentiation factor 15) and NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) may offer promise as biomarkers for cognitive outcomes, including dementia. We determined the association of these biomarkers with cognitive outcomes in a community-based cohort. Methods and Results Plasma GDF15 (n=1603) and NT-proBNP levels (n=1590) (53% women; mean age, 68.7 years) were measured in dementia-free Framingham Offspring cohort participants at examination 7 (1998-2001). Participants were followed up for incident dementia. Secondary outcomes included Alzheimer disease dementia, magnetic resonance imaging structural brain measures, and neurocognitive performance. During a median 11.8-year follow-up, 131 participants developed dementia. On multivariable Cox proportional-hazards analysis, higher circulating GDF15 was associated with an increased risk of incident all-cause and Alzheimer disease dementia (hazard ratio [HR] per SD increment in natural log-transformed biomarker value, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.22-1.95] and 1.37 [95% CI, 1.03-1.81], respectively), whereas higher plasma NT-proBNP was also associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.05-1.65). Elevated GDF15 was associated with lower total brain and hippocampal volumes, greater white matter hyperintensity volume, and poorer cognitive performance. Elevated NT-proBNP was associated with greater white matter hyperintensity volume and poorer cognitive performance. Addition of both biomarkers to a conventional risk factor model improved dementia risk classification (net reclassification improvement index, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.05-0.45). Conclusions Elevated plasma GDF15 and NT-proBNP were associated with vascular brain injury on magnetic resonance imaging, poorer neurocognitive performance, and increased risk of incident dementia in individuals aged >60 years. Both biomarkers improved dementia risk classification beyond that of traditional clinical risk factors, indicating their potential value in predicting incident dementia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.