ArticleThe Journal of allergy and clinical immunology2021
Characterization of the cytokine storm reflects hyperinflammatory endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19.
Article in The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 109 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 170 citations in OpenAlex.
- The immunopathological spectrum of COVID-19: from cytokine storm to autoimmunity-a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of baricitinib for the treatment of hospitalized adults with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of medical research · 2023Pooled it
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- Pooled it
- A Risk Profile Using Simple Hematologic Parameters to Assess Benefits From Baricitinib in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial-2.Annals of internal medicine · 2024Trial
- Efficacy and safety of baricitinib plus standard of care for the treatment of critically ill hospitalised adults with COVID-19 on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an exploratory, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2022Trial
- Efficacy and safety of baricitinib for the treatment of hospitalised adults with COVID-19 (COV-BARRIER): a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2021Trial
- A phase 2 multiple ascending dose study of the inhaled pan-JAK inhibitor nezulcitinib (TD-0903) in severe COVID-19.The European respiratory journal · 2021Trial
- SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody LY-CoV555 in Outpatients with Covid-19.The New England journal of medicine · 2021Trial
- Increased interleukin-6 and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 are associated with respiratory failure in COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Folic Acid and Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- IL-19 Modulates Antiviral Immunity and Inflammation via IL-20RB/STAT3/TRIM22 Signaling Pathway.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Overexpression ofJournal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Post-booster longitudinal plasma proteomic changes following BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination in Qatar.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Homoeriodictyol, targeting the bitter taste receptor TAS2R14, lowers the secretion of pro-inflammatory chemokines upon treatment with SARS-CoV-2 peptide pools in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Serum IL-6 and PTX3 predict severe outcome from COVID-19 in ambulatory subjects: Impact for future therapeutic decisions.PloS one · 2025Article
- Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib on COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Heliyon · 2024Article
- IFN Lambda Deficiency Contributes to Severe COVID-19 Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Gene Regulatory Network Analysis of Post-Mortem Lungs Unveils Novel Insights into COVID-19 Pathogenesis.Viruses · 2024Article
- Association of theViruses · 2024Article
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPhysicians treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increasingly believe that the hyperinflammatory acute stage of COVID-19 results in a cytokine storm. The circulating biomarkers seen across the spectrum of COVID-19 have not been characterized compared with healthy controls, but such analyses are likely to yield insights into the pursuit of interventions that adequately reduce the burden of these cytokine storms.
objectiveTo identify and characterize the host inflammatory response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, we assessed levels of proteins related to immune responses and cardiovascular disease in patients stratified as mild, moderate, and severe versus matched healthy controls.
methodsBlood samples from adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were analyzed using high-throughput and ultrasensitive proteomic platforms and compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls to provide insights into differential regulation of 185 markers.
resultsResults indicate a dominant hyperinflammatory milieu in the circulation and vascular endothelial damage markers within patients with COVID-19, and strong biomarker association with patient response as measured by Ordinal Scale. As patients progress, we observe statistically significant dysregulation of IFN-γ, IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-10, IL-19, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL5, ENRAGE, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1. Furthermore, in a limited series of patients who were sampled frequently, confirming reliability and reproducibility of our assays, we demonstrate that intervention with baricitinib attenuates these circulating biomarkers associated with the cytokine storm.
conclusionsThese wide-ranging circulating biomarkers show an association with increased disease severity and may help stratify patients and selection of therapeutic options. They also provide insights into mechanisms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pathogenesis and the host response.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.