ReviewThe American journal of pathology2021
Immunopathology of Hyperinflammation in COVID-19.
Review in The American journal of pathology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 314 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
314 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 522 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Organokines in COVID-19: A Systematic Review.Cells · 2023Pooled it
- Benefits of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin on mortality in patients with severe COVID-19: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of anti-inflammatory drugs on the storm of inflammatory factors in respiratory tract infection caused by SARS-CoV-2: an updated meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Tissue factor in COVID-19-associated coagulopathy.Thrombosis research · 2022Pooled it
- Antiviral and immunomodulatory effect of zapnometinib in animal models and hospitalized COVID-19 patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Alteration of the Gut-Lung Axis After Severe COVID-19 Infection and Modulation Through Probiotics: A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- COVID-19 convalescent plasma therapy decreases inflammatory cytokines: a randomized controlled trial.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Trial
- A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the BTK inhibitor zanubrutinib in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 respiratory distress: immune biomarker and clinical findings.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Trial
- Efficacy and safety of MAS825 (anti-IL-1β/IL-18) in COVID-19 patients with pneumonia and impaired respiratory function.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2023Trial
- Co-ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide/luteolin normalizes GABAClinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Intravenous methylprednisolone pulses in hospitalised patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.The European respiratory journal · 2022Trial
- Changes in the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in individuals with severe COVID-19 treated with high dose of vitamin D.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2022Trial
- Tracking COVID-19 Severity and Progression Through Amines and Lipid Mediators.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Post-COVID-19 Jaw Osteonecrosis: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Respond to SARS-CoV-2 Peptides and Exhibit Altered T-Cell Regulatory Capacity.Cells · 2026Article
- Review
- Antiviral Activity of Pyrazolopyrimidine and Triazolopyrimidine Derivatives Against SARS-CoV-2 In Vitro: Identifying PZP25 as a Promising Scaffold.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Active surveillance of cytomegalovirus and pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients with COVID-19: risk assessment of high-dose steroids.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
254 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in an unprecedented public health crisis worldwide. Recent studies indicate that a hyperinflammatory syndrome induced by SARS-CoV-2 contributes to disease severity and mortality in COVID-19. In this review, an overview of the pathophysiology underlying the hyperinflammatory syndrome in severe COVID-19 is provided. The current evidence suggests that the hyperinflammatory syndrome results from a dysregulated host innate immune response. The gross and microscopic pathologic findings as well as the alterations in the cytokine milieu, macrophages/monocytes, natural killer cells, T cells, and neutrophils in severe COVID-19 are summarized. The data highlighted include the potential therapeutic approaches undergoing investigation to modulate the immune response and abrogate lung injury in severe COVID-19.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.