ReviewInternational immunopharmacology2020
Drug repurposing and cytokine management in response to COVID-19: A review.
Review in International immunopharmacology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of nitazoxanide in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Review
- Novel Multifunctional Cannabidiol-Based Analogues with In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Effect.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Review
- Comparative evaluation of tocilizumab and itolizumab for treatment of severe COVID-19 in India: a retrospective cohort study.Acute and critical care · 2024Article
- Inhibition of Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic Acid-Induced Acute Pulmonary Inflammation and NF-κB Activation in Mice by a Banana Plant Extract.International journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Explanatory predictive model for COVID-19 severity risk employing machine learning, shapley addition, and LIME.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- The landscape of potential health benefits of carotenoids as natural supportive therapeutics in protecting against Coronavirus infection.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2022Review
- Inhaled therapy for COVID-19: Considerations of drugs, formulations and devices.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- The Impacts of COVID-19 on Musculoskeletal Health.Current osteoporosis reports · 2022Review
- Manipulation of Spray-Drying Conditions to Develop an Inhalable Ivermectin Dry Powder.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Ameliorating effects of probiotics on alterations in iron homeostasis and inflammation in COVID-19.Molecular biology reports · 2022Review
- Modeling the disruption of respiratory disease clinical trials by non-pharmaceutical COVID-19 interventions.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Targeting Specific Checkpoints in the Management of SARS-CoV-2 Induced Cytokine Storm.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Effect of HIV aspartyl protease inhibitors on experimental infection with a cystogenic Me49 strain ofPathogens and global health · 2022Article
- Review
- Case series of HIV SARS-CoV-2 co-infection in Chinese adults.Journal of clinical virology plus · 2022Article
- Molecular Modeling Targeting Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2) as an Alternative Drug Target Against Coronaviruses.Current drug targets · 2022Review
- Resolution of viral load in mild COVID-19 patients is associated with both innate and adaptive immune responses.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an aggressive disease that attacks the respiratory tract and has a higher fatality rate than seasonal influenza. The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis, and no specific therapy or drug has been formally recommended for use against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this context, it is a rational strategy to investigate the repurposing of existing drugs to use in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. In the meantime, the medical community is trialing several therapies that target various antiviral and immunomodulating mechanisms to use against the infection. There is no doubt that antiviral and supportive treatments are important in the treatment of COVID-19 patients, but anti-inflammatory therapy also plays a pivotal role in the management COVID-19 patients due to its ability to prevent further injury and organ damage or failure. In this review, we identified drugs that could modulate cytokines levels and play a part in the management of COVID-19. Several drugs that possess an anti-inflammatory profile in others illnesses have been studied in respect of their potential utility in the treatment of the hyperinflammation induced by SAR-COV-2 infection. We highlight a number of antivirals, anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic and antiparasitic drugs that have been found to mitigate cytokine production and consequently attenuate the "cytokine storm" induced by SARS-CoV-2. Reduced hyperinflammation can attenuate multiple organ failure, and even reduce the mortality associated with severe COVID-19. In this context, despite their current unproven clinical efficacy in relation to the current pandemic, the repurposing of drugs with anti-inflammatory activity to use in the treatment of COVID-19 has become a topic of great interest.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.