ArticleEBioMedicine2020
Lipid laden macrophages and electronic cigarettes in healthy adults.
Article in EBioMedicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between e-cigarette use and COVID-19 diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Chronic health effects associated with electronic cigarette use: A systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Lung lipids associated with smoking and ECIG use in a cross-sectional study and clinical trial.Respiratory research · 2025Trial
- E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury without pulmonary symptoms: A case report and literature review.Medicine · 2026Review
- Impact of e-cigarette vaping on the immune system across the body.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Altered lung function in mice is a sensitive indicator of lung damage following 6 months of electronic nicotine delivery system aerosol exposure.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2026Article
- Article
- CYP1B1 Mediates Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lipid Accumulation in Alveolar Type 2 Cells.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Linking Lipid Metabolism and Immune Function: New Insights into Chronic Respiratory Diseases.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2025Review
- Alveolar macrophages: guardians of the alveolar lipid galaxy.Current opinion in lipidology · 2025Review
- Immunological Effects of Electronic Cigarette Use: A Review of Current Evidence.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Oxidative stress promotes lipid-laden macrophage formation via CYP1B1.Redox biology · 2025Article
- E-cigs put the squeeze on macrophages.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Alveolar macrophage function is impaired following inhalation of berry e-cigarette vapor.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Sex-related DNA methylation is associated with inflammation and gene expression in the lungs of healthy individuals.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Lipid-Laden Macrophages in Pulmonary Diseases.Cells · 2024Review
- Lipid from electronic cigarette-aerosol both with and without nicotine induced pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization and disrupted phagocytosis.Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2023Article
- Accelerated epigenetic age, inflammation, and gene expression in lung: comparisons of smokers and vapers with non-smokers.Clinical epigenetics · 2023Article
- Short-term exposure of female BALB/cJ mice to e-cigarette aerosol promotes neutrophil recruitment and enhances neutrophil-platelet aggregation in pulmonary microvasculature.Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A · 2023Article
- E-cigarette vaping associated acute lung injury (EVALI): state of science and future research needs.Critical reviews in toxicology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAn outbreak of E-cigarette or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) with significant morbidity and mortality was reported in 2019. While most patients with EVALI report vaping tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) oils contaminated with vitamin E acetate, a subset report only vaping with nicotine-containing electronic cigarettes (e-cigs). Whether or not e-cigs cause EVALI, the outbreak highlights the need for identifying long term health effects of e-cigs. EVALI pathology includes alveolar damage, pneumonitis and/or organizing pneumonia, often with lipid-laden macrophages (LLM). We assessed LLM in the lungs of healthy smokers, e-cig users, and never-smokers as a potential marker of e-cig toxicity and EVALI.
methodsA cross-sectional study using bronchoscopy was conducted in healthy smokers, e-cig users, and never-smokers (n = 64). LLM, inflammatory cell counts, and cytokines were determined in bronchial alveolar fluids (BAL). E-cig users included both never-smokers and former light smokers.
findingsHigh LLM was found in the lungs of almost all smokers and half of the e-cig users, but not those of never-smokers. LLM were not related to THC exposure or smoking history. LLM were significantly associated with inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 in e-cig users, but not smoking-related cytokines.
interpretationThis is the first report of lung LLM comparing apparently healthy smokers, e-cig users, and never-smokers. LLM are not a specific marker for EVALI given the frequent positivity in smokers; whether LLMs are a marker of lung inflammation in some e-cig users requires further study.
fundingThe National Cancer Institute, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Food and Drug Administration Center for Tobacco Products, the National Center For Advancing Translational Sciences, and Pelotonia Intramural Research Funds.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.