ReviewExperimental cell research2020
Eating the unknown: Xenophagy and ER-phagy are cytoprotective defenses against pathogens.
Review in Experimental cell research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intracellular pathogen manipulation of ER-phagy: direct receptor targeting and indirect pathway perturbation.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2026Review
- VPS34 in Autophagy, Cancer, and Cancer Therapy.Cells · 2026Review
- Structural and Functional Perspectives of Optineurin in Autophagy, Immune Signaling, and Cancer.Cells · 2025Review
- Cholesterol sensing by the SCAP-FAM134B complex regulates ER-phagy and STING innate immunity.Nature cell biology · 2025Article
- Macrophages and autophagy: partners in crime.The FEBS journal · 2025Review
- MAPK Signaling in the Interplay Between Oxidative Stress and Autophagy.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Autophagy and Respiratory Viruses: Mechanisms, Viral Exploitation, and Therapeutic Insights.Cells · 2025Review
- Signaling Regulation of FAM134-Dependent ER-Phagy in Cells.Journal of cellular physiology · 2025Review
- The roles and mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated autophagy in animal viral infections.Veterinary research · 2024Review
- Article
- The relationship between autophagy and respiratory viruses.Archives of microbiology · 2024Review
- Review
- Survival of intracellular pathogens in response to mTORC1- or TRPML1-TFEB-induced xenophagy.Autophagy reports · 2023Article
- Autophagy and Its Lineage-Specific Roles in the Hematopoietic System.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2023Review
- Interplay between Autophagy and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1: ICP34.5, One of the Main Actors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- QKI degradation in macrophage by RNF6 protects mice from MRSA infection via enhancing PI3K p110β dependent autophagy.Cell & bioscience · 2022Article
- The Multifaceted Roles of Autophagy in Infectious, Obstructive, and Malignant Airway Diseases.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Article
- Metabolic adaption of cancer cells toward autophagy: Is there a role for ER-phagy?Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Review
- Autophagy in healthy aging and disease.Nature aging · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved catabolic process devoted to the removal of unnecessary and harmful cellular components. In its general form, autophagy governs cellular lifecycle through the formation of double membrane vesicles, termed autophagosomes, that enwrap and deliver unwanted intracellular components to lysosomes. In addition to this omniscient role, forms of selective autophagy, relying on specialized receptors for cargo recognition, exert fine-tuned control over cellular homeostasis. In this regard, xenophagy plays a pivotal role in restricting the replication of intracellular pathogens, thus acting as an ancient innate defense system against infections. Recently, selective autophagy of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), more simply ER-phagy, has been uncovered as a critical mechanism governing ER network shape and function. Six ER-resident proteins have been characterized as ER-phagy receptors and their orchestrated function enables ER homeostasis and turnover overtime. Unfortunately, ER is also the preferred site for viral replication and several viruses hijack ER machinery for their needs. Thus, it is not surprising that some ER-phagy receptors can act to counteract viral replication and minimize the spread of infection throughout the organism. On the other hand, evolutionary pressure has armed pathogens with strategies to evade and subvert xenophagy and ER-phagy. Although ER-phagy biology is still in its infancy, the present review aims to summarize recent ER-phagy literature, with a special focus on its role in counteracting viral infections. Moreover, we aim to offer some hints for future targeted approaches to counteract host-pathogen interactions by modulating xenophagy and ER-phagy pathways.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.