ArticleEuropean journal of public health2020
Social norms for e-cigarettes and smoking: associations with initiation of e-cigarette use, intentions to quit smoking and quit attempts: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys.
Article in European journal of public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Peer Influence and Use of Electronic Cigarettes among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Pooled it
- Interpersonal communication and perceived norms as social influence mechanisms of e-cigarette use among adults: a systematic review.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2024Pooled it
- Nicotine dependence associated with e-cigarette use, depressive symptoms, and psychological resilience among northern Thai adolescents: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- A study on the impact of social environmental exposure to e-cigarettes on the intention to use them among Chinese middle and high school students and the differences between genders.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Trends in Social Norms Toward Cigarette Smoking and E-cigarette Use Among U.S. Youth Between 2015 and 2021.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Social Media Engagement and Quit Intentions Among Youth With Exclusive E-cigarette Use: The Moderating Role of Social Norms.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Contextualizing Changes in e-Cigarette Use During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic and Accompanying Infodemic ("So Much Contradictory Evidence"): Qualitative Document Analysis of Reddit Forums.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Socio-ecological factors that influence youth vaping: perspectives from Western Australian school professionals, parents and young people.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2024Article
- Association between prolonged dual use of cigarettes and E-cigarettes and psychosocial factors among U.S. Smokers: Secondary data analysis from the 2013 to 2019 PATH study.Hygiene and environmental health advances · 2024Article
- Differences in Normative Beliefs and Tobacco Product Use by Age Among Adults Who Smoke: Cross-Sectional Analysis of a Nationally Representative Sample.Substance use & addiction journal · 2024Article
- Impact of e-cigarette retail displays on attitudes to smoking and vaping in children: an online experimental study.Tobacco control · 2023Review
- Do Social Norms for Cigarette Smoking and Nicotine Vaping Product Use Predict Trying Nicotine Vaping Products and Attempts to Quit Cigarette Smoking Amongst Adult Smokers? Findings From the 2016-2020 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- E-cigarettes: A continuing public health challenge in India despite comprehensive bans.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Smoking cessation behaviors and reasons for use of electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco products among Romanian adults.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Evaluating the impact of the Tobacco Products Directive within the context of the FCTC in Europe-findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys: introductory Commentary.European journal of public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSocial norms have received little attention in relation to electronic cigarettes (EC). The current study examine social norms for EC use and smoking tobacco, and their associations with (i) initiation of EC use, (ii) intention to quit smoking and (iii) attempts to quit smoking.
methodsCross-sectional and longitudinal data analysis from Waves 1 and 2 of the ITC 6 European Country Survey and corresponding waves from England (the ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey). Current smokers at baseline, who heard of ECs and provided data at both waves were included (n = 3702). Complex samples logistic regression examined associations between the outcomes and descriptive (seeing EC use in public, close friends using ECs/smoking) and injunctive (public approves of ECs/smoking) norms, adjusting for country, demographics, EC use and heaviness of smoking.
resultsIn longitudinal analyses, seeing EC use in public at least some days was the only social norm that predicted initiation of EC use between waves (OR = 1.66, 95%CI = 1.08-2.56). In the cross-sectional analysis, having an intention to quit was associated with seeing EC use in public (OR = 1.37, 95%CI = 1.04-1.81) and reporting fewer than three close friends smoke (OR = 0.59, 95%CI = 0.44-0.80). There was no association between any social norm and making a quit attempt between waves.
conclusionsInitiation of EC use is predicted by seeing EC use in public, which was also associated with greater intention to quit smoking. Friends' smoking was associated with lower intention to quit. These findings may allay concerns that increased visibility of ECs is renormalizing smoking amongst current smokers.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.