ArticleScientific reports2020
The interplay of emotion expressions and strategy in promoting cooperation in the iterated prisoner's dilemma.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- From simultaneous to leader-follower play in direct reciprocity.PNAS nexus · 2026Article
- Acceptance and commitment therapy for moral injury: conceptualizing and intervening on moral injury through the lens of contextual behavioral science.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Contrast analysis for competing hypotheses: A tutorial using the R package cofad.Behavior research methods · 2025Article
- Evolution of indirect reciprocity under emotion expression.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Emotion prediction as computation over a generative theory of mind.Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences · 2023Article
- Misperception influence on zero-determinant strategies in iterated Prisoner's Dilemma.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Review
- The effect of anime character's facial expressions and eye blinking on donation behavior.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Article
- Article
- Teacher's Emotional Display Affects Students' Perceptions of Teacher's Competence, Feelings, and Productivity in Online Small-Group Discussions.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Signalling boosts the evolution of cooperation in repeated group interactions.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2020Article
- Reducing Cognitive Load and Improving Warfighter Problem Solving With Intelligent Virtual Assistants.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The iterated prisoner's dilemma has been used to study human cooperation for decades. The recent discovery of extortion and generous strategies renewed interest on the role of strategy in shaping behavior in this dilemma. But what if players could perceive each other's emotional expressions? Despite increasing evidence that emotion signals influence decision making, the effects of emotion in this dilemma have been mostly neglected. Here we show that emotion expressions moderate the effect of generous strategies, increasing or reducing cooperation according to the intention communicated by the signal; in contrast, expressions by extortionists had no effect on participants' behavior, revealing a limitation of highly competitive strategies. We provide evidence that these effects are mediated mostly by inferences about other's intentions made from strategy and emotion. These findings provide insight into the value, as well as the limits, of behavioral strategies and emotion signals for cooperation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.