ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Smoking and COVID-19: Adding Fuel to the Flame.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relationship between lifestyle: physical activity, diet, smoking, and the duration of symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Impact of Smoking and Deprivation in Patients Admitted With Severe COVID-19 Infection to ICU: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases · 2025Article
- From pandemic to endemic: assessing the impact of COVID-19 history and socio-demographic factors on quality of life in tuberculosis patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Curcumin attenuates smoking and drinking activated NF-κB/IL-6 inflammatory signaling axis in cervical cancer.Cancer cell international · 2024Article
- Mortality and COVID Infection: Predictors of Mortality 10 Months after Discharge.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Steroidal lactones fromIn silico pharmacology · 2024Article
- Chinese undergraduates' mental health help-seeking behavior: the health belief model.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- In-hospital outcomes in patients with and without epilepsy diagnosed with COVID-19-A cohort study.Epilepsia · 2023Article
- Substances of abuse and their effect on SAR-CoV-2 pathogenesis.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2023Review
- The predisposition of smokers to COVID-19 infection: A mini-review of global perspectives.Heliyon · 2023Review
- Article
- Stem cell therapy: a novel approach against emerging and re-emerging viral infections with special reference to SARS-CoV-2.Molecular biology reports · 2023Review
- Molecular Biomarker Identification Using a Network-Based Bioinformatics Approach That Links COVID-19 With Smoking.Bioinformatics and biology insights · 2023Article
- Association between cigarette smoking patterns and severity of COVID-19: Findings from a study in 15 private Hospitals in Indonesia.Tobacco induced diseases · 2023Article
- Diabetes Prevention and Measures to Ensuring a Healthy Lifestyle during COVID-19 Pandemic and after.Korean journal of family medicine · 2023Article
- The predictors of the intention to receive Covid-19 vaccine using the health belief model and theory of planned behavior in South Khorasan province.Journal of education and health promotion · 2023Article
- Beyond SARS-CoV-2: epidemiological surveillance of respiratory viruses in Jalisco, Mexico.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Fungal Infections Are Not Associated with Increased Mortality in COVID-19 Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU).Critical care research and practice · 2023Article
- Association of ABO blood types and clinical variables with COVID-19 infection severity in Libya.SAGE open medicine · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, an infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has led to more than 771,000 deaths worldwide. Tobacco smoking is a major known risk factor for severe illness and even death from many respiratory infections. The effects of smoking on COVID-19 are currently controversial. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the effects of smoking on the clinical manifestations, disease progression, inflammatory responses, immunopathogenesis, racial ethnic disparities, and incidence of COVID-19. This review also documents future directions of smoking related research in COVID-19. The current epidemiological finding suggests that active smoking is associated with an increased severity of disease and death in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Smoking can upregulate the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor utilized by SARS-CoV-2 to enter the host cell and activate a 'cytokine storm' which can lead to worsen outcomes in COVID-19 patients. This receptor can also act as a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic sheds light on a legacy of inequalities regarding gender, racial, and ethnic health disparities associated with active smoking, thus, smoking cessation may help in improving outcomes. In addition, to flatten the COVID-19 curve, staying indoors, avoiding unnecessary social contact, and bolstering the immune defense system by maintaining a healthy diet/living are highly desirable.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.