ArticleMolecular biology and evolution2021
Modularity in Protein Evolution: Modular Organization and De Novo Domain Evolution in Mollusk Metallothioneins.
Article in Molecular biology and evolution, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- The evolutionary history of chelicerate metallothioneins reveals de novo emergence and metal-binding specialization across the subphylum.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Myriapod Metallothioneins Conserve the Ancestral Architecture of Arthropods While Displaying Lineage-Specific Adaptations in Metal Binding.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Identification of two metallothioneins in Agaricus crocodilinus reveals gene duplication and domain expansion, a pattern conserved across fungal species.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2025Article
- Experimental recombining of repetitive motifs leads to large functional metallothioneins and demonstrates their modular evolvability potential.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2025Article
- Mechanistic insights into uptake, transfer and exchange of metal ions by the three-metal clusters of a metalloprotein.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2024Article
- Antioxidant-related enzymes and peptides as biomarkers of metallic nanoparticles (eco)toxicity in the aquatic environment.Chemosphere · 2024Review
- Metals and metallothionein evolution in snails: a contribution to the concept of metal-specific functionality from an animal model group.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2024Review
- Evolution of Cd2+ and Cu+ binding in Helix pomatia metallothioneins.Metallomics : integrated biometal science · 2023Article
- A de novo evolved domain improves the cadmium detoxification capacity of limpet metallothioneins.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The Modular Architecture of Metallothioneins Facilitates Domain Rearrangements and Contributes to Their Evolvability in Metal-Accumulating Mollusks.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Metal-Specificity Divergence between Metallothioneins ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Tunicates Illuminate the Enigmatic Evolution of Chordate Metallothioneins by Gene Gains and Losses, Independent Modular Expansions, and Functional Convergences.Molecular biology and evolution · 2021Article
- The Enigmatic Metallothioneins: A Case of Upward-Looking Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Modular Evolution and Population Variability ofFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- Two Unconventional Metallothioneins in the Apple SnailInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are proteins devoted to the control of metal homeostasis and detoxification, and therefore, MTs have been crucial for the adaptation of the living beings to variable situations of metal bioavailability. The evolution of MTs is, however, not yet fully understood, and to provide new insights into it, we have investigated the MTs in the diverse classes of Mollusks. We have shown that most molluskan MTs are bimodular proteins that combine six domains-α, β1, β2, β3, γ, and δ-in a lineage-specific manner. We have functionally characterized the Neritimorpha β3β1 and the Patellogastropoda γβ1 MTs, demonstrating the metal-binding capacity of the new γ domain. Our results have revealed a modular organization of mollusk MT, whose evolution has been impacted by duplication, loss, and de novo emergence of domains. MTs represent a paradigmatic example of modular evolution probably driven by the structural and functional requirements of metal binding.
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