ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2021
Abnormal Levels of Some Biomarkers of Immune Activation Despite Very Early Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Clinical and experimental treatment of residual immune activation in people living with HIV.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Review
- Three-Month cART Initiated During Primary HIV Does Not Correct the Structural, Immune, and Microbial Abnormalities within the Gastrointestinal Tract.Pathogens & immunity · 2025Article
- Changes in cerebrospinal fluid proteins across the spectrum of untreated and treated chronic HIV-1 infection.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- High-parameter phenotypic characterization reveals a subset of human Th17 cells that preferentially produce IL17 againstbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Changes in Inflammatory Cytokines After Chronic Hepatitis C Treatment Among People Living With HIV.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- High-parameter phenotypic characterization reveals a subset of human Th17 cells that preferentially produce IL-17 againstFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Observational study of effects of HIV acquisition and antiretroviral treatment on biomarkers of systemic immune activation.PloS one · 2024Observational
- Biological and Clinical Implications of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Coreceptor Neuropilin-1 in Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023 · on this mapArticle
- Cohort profile: InfCareHIV, a prospective registry-based cohort study of people with diagnosed HIV in Sweden.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Cytomegalovirus Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Titer and Coronary Artery Disease in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023 · on this mapArticle
- Cellular and molecular insights into incomplete immune recovery in HIV/AIDS patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Immune Activation in Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Influence of Duration of Infection, Treatment, and Substance Use.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Dynamics of the infant gut microbiota in the first 18 months of life: the impact of maternal HIV infection and breastfeeding.Microbiome · 2022Article
- Mobilization of systemic CCL4 following HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in young men in Africa.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Changes in Immune Activation During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period in Treated HIV Infection.Open forum infectious diseases · 2021Article
- HIV and SARS-CoV-2 Co-Infection: What are the Risks?Infection and drug resistance · 2021Review
- Article
- The Kynurenine/Tryptophan Ratio Is a Sensitive Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Pediatric Tuberculosis Among Indian Children.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Observational
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite early antiretroviral therapy (ART), ART-suppressed people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH) remain at higher risk for infections and infection-related cancers than the general population. The immunologic pathways that remain abnormal in this setting, potentially contributing to these complications, are unclear.
methodsART-suppressed PWH and HIV-negative controls, all cytomegalovirus seropositive and enriched for HIV risk factors, were sampled from an influenza vaccine responsiveness study. PWH were stratified by timing of ART initiation (within 6 months of infection [early ART] vs later) and nadir CD4+ T-cell count among later initiators. Between-group differences in kynurenine-tryptophan (KT) ratio, interferon-inducible protein 10, soluble CD14 and CD163, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2, interleukin 6, and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor were assessed after confounder adjustment.
resultsMost participants (92%) were male, reflecting the demographics of early-ART initiators in San Francisco. Most biomarkers were higher among later-ART initiators. Participants in the early-ART group achieved near-normal soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2, interleukin 6, and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor levels, but substantially higher KT ratio than those without HIV after confounder adjustment (P = .008). Soluble CD14, soluble CD163, and interferon-inducible protein 10 trended similarly.
conclusionsWhile early-ART initiators restore near-normal levels of many inflammatory markers, the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism remains abnormally high. Because this pathway confers adaptive immune defects and predicts tuberculosis and cancer progression, this it may contribute to persistent risks of these complications in this setting.
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