ArticleInternational journal of cancer2021
Causal relationships between body mass index, smoking and lung cancer: Univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization.
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Article in International journal of cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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101citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
14.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
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Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 166 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adiposity and cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis.Nature metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Body mass index (BMI) and risk of lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies using directly measured and genetically proxied measures of BMI.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Pooled it
- Micronutrients, Vitamin D, and Inflammatory Biomarkers in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Causal Inference Studies.Nutrition reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Rheumatoid arthritis reduces the risk of colorectal cancer through immune inflammation mediation.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Body mass index and lung cancer risk: Pooled analysis of 10 prospective cohort studies in Japan.Cancer science · 2024Pooled it
- Causal effects between personality and psychiatric traits and lung cancer: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization and bibliometric study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Application of Mendelian randomized research method in oncology research: bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Association between psoriasis and lung cancer: two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Body mass index and the risk of basal cell carcinoma: evidence from Mendelian randomization analysis.PeerJ · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies on risk of cancer.BMC medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Causal role of high body mass index in multiple chronic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Mendelian randomization studies.BMC medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Obesity Promotes Lung Carcinogenesis Through Airway Immune Dysfunction.Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer · 2026Article
- Article
- Healthy lifestyle and cancer risk: a pan-cancer analysis in the UK Biobank prospective cohort.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Article
- Urbanization compound pathways of global lung cancer incidence risk under proximal and distal interactions.iScience · 2026Article
- Adiposity and cancer: epidemiology, mechanisms and future perspectives.Nature metabolism · 2026Review
- Genetic evidence supporting obesity as a risk factor for lung squamous cell carcinoma and the identification of MFAP1 as a shared genetic target.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Machine learning-predicted insulin resistance is a risk factor for 12 types of cancer.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Pre-diagnostic body mass index trajectories and associations with lung cancer risk.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
32 authors at 20 institutions in 13 countries.
Wen ZhouDepartment of Epidemiology, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Geoffrey LiuPrincess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Rayjean J HungProsserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Philip C HaycockMRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Melinda C AldrichDepartment of Thoracic Surgery and Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Angeline S AndrewDepartment of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.
Susanne M ArnoldMarkey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
Heike BickeböllerDepartment of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Stig E BojesenDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-4061-4133
Paul BrennanGenetic Epidemology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.ORCID 0000-0002-0518-8714
Hans BrunnströmClinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Olle MelanderClinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Neil E CaporasoDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Maria Teresa LandiDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Chu ChenProgram in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2267-8050
Gary E GoodmanProgram in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
David C ChristianiDepartments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Angela CoxAcademic Unit of Clinical Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
John K FieldDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, The University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, Liverpool, UK.
Mikael JohanssonDepartment of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden.
Lambertus A KiemeneyDepartment for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Stephen LamDepartment of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Philip LazarusDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA.
Loïc Le MarchandEpidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
Gad RennertDepartment of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Carmel Medical Center and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology and Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel.
Angela RischDepartment of Biosciences, Allergy-Cancer-BioNano Research Centre, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
Matthew B SchabathDepartment of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.
Sanjay S SheteDepartment of Biostatistics, Division of Basic Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
Adonina TardónFaculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo and ISPA and CIBERESP, Oviedo, Spain.
Shanbeh ZienolddinyThe National Institute of Occupational Health (STAMI), Oslo, Norway.
Hongbing ShenDepartment of Epidemiology, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2581-5906
Christopher I AmosInstitute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8540-7023
Baylor College of Medicine · USLund University · SENational Cancer Institute · USUniversity of Washington · USBC Cancer Agency · CACentre international de recherche sur le cancer · FRDartmouth College · USGerman Cancer Research Center · DEHerlev Hospital · DKJiangsu Cancer Hospital · CNMassachusetts Department of Public Health · USMoffitt Cancer Center · USNational Institute of Occupational Health · NORadboud University Nijmegen · NLTechnion – Israel Institute of Technology · ILThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center · USUmeå University · SEUniversidad de Oviedo · ESUniversity Health Network · CAUniversity of Bristol · GB
Funding
TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCHP30CA076292 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA · PI Christine O'Connell · 1998 to 2026
$93.5MUnderstanding Population Differences in Cancer: The MEC StudyU01CA164973 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA · PI HAIMAN, CHRISTOPHER ALAN, LE MARCHAND, LOIC · 2015 to 2025
$37.4MTranslating Molecular and Clinical Data to Population Lung Cancer Risk AssessmentU19CA203654 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO HEALTH SCIS CTR · PI Christopher I. Amos, Rayjean J. Hung · 2017 to 2026
$23.7MThe Boston Lung Cancer Survival CohortU01CA209414 · NCI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI David C Christiani · 2017 to 2026
$12.2MUnderstanding Ethnic Differences in Cancer: The Multiethnic Cohort StudyUM1CA164973 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA · PI HENDERSON, BRIAN E, LE MARCHAND, LOIC · 2012 to 2014
$11.3MStatistical Methods for Analysis of Massive Genetic and Genomic Data in Cancer ResearchR35CA197449 · NCI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI XIHONG LIN · 2015 to 2026
$10.9MInfrastructure Support and Pilot Tissue Collection for the CARET BiorepositoryU01CA167462 · NCI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI NEUHOUSER, MARIAN L · 2018 to 2022
$2.9MINFRASRUCTURE SUPPORT AND DATA ENHANCEMENTS FOR THE CARET BIOREPOSITORYUM1CA167462 · NCI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI GOODMAN, GARY E · 2013 to 2017
$2.8MMOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF LUNG CANCERR01CA111703 · NCI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI CHEN, CHU · 2006 to 2010
$2.2MCancer Research UK 19169Cancer Research UK 29019Cancer Research UK A19169Cancer Research UK C18281NCI NIH HHS P30 CA076292NCI NIH HHS R01 CA111703NCI NIH HHS R35 CA197449NCI NIH HHS U01 CA164973NCI NIH HHS U01 CA167462NCI NIH HHS U01 CA209414NCI NIH HHS U19 CA203654NCI NIH HHS UM1 CA164973NCI NIH HHS UM1 CA167462World Health Organization 001
Abstract
At the time of cancer diagnosis, body mass index (BMI) is inversely correlated with lung cancer risk, which may reflect reverse causality and confounding due to smoking behavior. We used two-sample univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) to estimate causal relationships of BMI and smoking behaviors on lung cancer and histological subtypes based on an aggregated genome-wide association studies (GWASs) analysis of lung cancer in 29 266 cases and 56 450 controls. We observed a positive causal effect for high BMI on occurrence of small-cell lung cancer (odds ratio (OR) = 1.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.24-2.06, P = 2.70 × 10
Indexed as
Body Mass IndexGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansLung NeoplasmsMendelian Randomization AnalysisObesityPolymorphism, Single NucleotideSmokingbody mass indexcausal relationshiplung cancerMendelian randomizationsmoking phenotypes
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.