Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32914315›Full record

ArticleJournal of community health2021

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Self-Rated Health Among Rural Residents.

Carrie Henning-Smith, Ashley M Hernandez, Katy B Kozhimannil

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of community health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. The Experiences and Attitudes of Rural Black People who Use Drugs.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026
    Article
  2. Not enough: Medicaid expansion, medical debt, and cost avoidance in rural American Indian and Alaska Native households.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Carrie Henning-SmithRural Health Research Center, Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, 2221 University Ave., SE, Suite 350, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. henn0329@umn.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-0273-0387
Ashley M HernandezRural Health Research Center, Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, 2221 University Ave., SE, Suite 350, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA.
Katy B KozhimannilRural Health Research Center, Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, 2221 University Ave., SE, Suite 350, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA.

Funding

HRSA HHS 5U1CRH03717
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study examines racial and ethnic differences in self-rated health among rural residents and whether these differences can be explained by socio-demographic characteristics. We used data from the 2011-2017 National Health Interview Survey to assess differences in self-rated health by race and ethnicity among rural residents (living in non-metropolitan counties; n = 46,883). We used logistic regression analyses to estimate the odds of reporting fair/poor health after adjusting for individual socio-demographic characteristics. Non-Hispanic Black and American Indian rural residents reported worse self-rated health than their non-Hispanic White counterparts (25.8% and 20.8% reporting fair/poor health, respectively, vs. 14.8%; p < 0.001). After adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, disparities remained for non-Hispanic Black rural residents (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.55; 95% CI 1.36, 1.76). This study suggests more attention is required to address inequities among rural people and to develop policies to address structural racism and improve the health of all rural residents.

Indexed as

RacismWhite PeopleAmerican Indian or Alaska NativeEthnicityHumansRural PopulationUnited StatesRace and ethnicityRuralSelf-rated healthStructural racism

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.