Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32914303›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2021

Azole antifungal resistance in fungal isolates from wastewater treatment plant effluents.

Hailemariam Abrha Assress, Ramganesh Selvarajan, Hlengilizwe Nyoni, Henry Joseph Oduor Ogola, Bhekie B Mamba, Titus A M Msagati

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.3field-weighted citation impact, top 30% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. ACS omega · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. The Dual PathogenJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. The Emergence ofMini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2024
    Review
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.

Hailemariam Abrha AssressCollege of Science Engineering and Technology, Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, UNISA Science Campus, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, UNISA 0003, Florida-Park, Roodepoort, Johannesburg, 1709, South Africa.
Ramganesh SelvarajanCollege of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, UNISA Science Campus, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, UNISA 0003, Florida, Johannesburg, 1709, South Africa.
Hlengilizwe NyoniCollege of Science Engineering and Technology, Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, UNISA Science Campus, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, UNISA 0003, Florida-Park, Roodepoort, Johannesburg, 1709, South Africa.
Henry Joseph Oduor OgolaCollege of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, UNISA Science Campus, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, UNISA 0003, Florida, Johannesburg, 1709, South Africa.
Bhekie B MambaCollege of Science Engineering and Technology, Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, UNISA Science Campus, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, UNISA 0003, Florida-Park, Roodepoort, Johannesburg, 1709, South Africa.
Titus A M MsagatiCollege of Science Engineering and Technology, Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, UNISA Science Campus, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, UNISA 0003, Florida-Park, Roodepoort, Johannesburg, 1709, South Africa. msagatam@unisa.ac.za.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9621-5051
University of South Africa · ZA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can be significant sources of antifungal resistant fungi, which can disseminate further in the environment by getting into rivers together with effluents discharged from WWTPs and pose a risk for human health. In this study, the presence of azole resistance was determined in fungal isolates from treated effluents of two WWTPs using the standard microdilution method from Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). A total of 41 fungal isolates representing 23 fungal species and 16 fungal genera were obtained. Fungal genera related to the known human and/or plant pathogens such as Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Candida were detected. Among the observed species, the susceptibility of Aspergillus fumigatus and Fusarium oxysporum was tested against fluconazole (FCZ), ketoconazole (KTZ), itraconazole (ITZ), and voriconazole (VCZ). The isolate A. fumigatus was susceptible to KTZ, ITZ, and VCZ, while it showed resistance against FCZ. On the contrast, the isolate F. oxysporum showed resistance to KTZ, ITZ, and VCZ. Comparatively, VCZ showed highest activity against both A. fumigatus and F. oxysporum. Analysis of the gene Cyp51A for the A. fumigatus isolate showed no evidence of drug resistance that could be related to point mutations and/or tandem repeats in the gene. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first susceptibility test study on A. fumigatus and F. oxysporum isolates from the WWTPs of South Africa. In conclusion, this study indicated an urgent need for thorough investigation with larger group of fungal isolates from different regions of South Africa to broadly understand the role of WWTPs in the dissemination of azole antifungal drug resistance.

Indexed as

Antifungal AgentsWater PurificationAspergillus fumigatusAzolesDrug Resistance, FungalFungal ProteinsFungiFusariumHumansMicrobial Sensitivity TestsSouth AfricaAntifungal AgentsAzolesFungal ProteinsA. fumigatusAzole resistanceF. oxysporumFungal isolatesWastewater treatment plant

Identifiers

PMID32914303
OpenAlexW3085425238

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.