ArticleGeneral psychiatry2020
Psychometric properties of the Urdu version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) among pregnant women in Abbottabad, Pakistan.
Article in General psychiatry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pilates during pregnancy for maternal musculoskeletal pain and discomfort: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of combined nutrition, exercise and psychological interventions in patients with malignancy: A randomized controlled trial.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Trial
- Impact of an intervention for perinatal anxiety on breastfeeding: findings from the Happy Mother-Healthy Baby randomized controlled trial in Pakistan.International breastfeeding journal · 2024Trial
- Quality of Life and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression Among Patients With Cancer: Insights From a Tertiary Care Hospital.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Article
- Association between Ulcerative Colitis, mental health, and Quality of Life in a Pakistani cohort: A cross-sectional analysis.PloS one · 2026Article
- Psychological distress and associated factors among South Asian individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a convergent mixed methods study.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2026Article
- Analysis of potential categories of sleep problems in non-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Clinical and psychosocial factors associated with quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer: an analytical cross-sectional study from a lower-middle-income country.BMC psychology · 2023Article
- Anxiety and Depression Levels in Parents after Counselling for Fetal Heart Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Psychometric properties of the Urdu version of the EORTC QLQ-H&N35 (European organization for research and treatment of cancer head and neck module) quality of life tool.BMC psychology · 2022Article
- Translation and validation of the Urdu version of the European organization for research and treatment of cancer core quality of life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and brain module (QLQ-BN20) in primary brain tumor patients.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2021Article
- Microglial Activation of GLP-1R Signaling in Neuropathic Pain Promotes Gene Expression Adaption Involved in Inflammatory Responses.Neural plasticity · 2021Article
- Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Across the Peripartum Period Among Pregnant Japanese Women.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2021Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a widely used instrument to measure anxiety and depression symptoms.
aimsThis study aimed to translate, validate and test the applicability of the Urdu version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS/UV) among pregnant women.
methodsThe original English version of the HADS was translated into Urdu by three bilingual experts and retranslated to English using the forward-backward approach. The questionnaire was administered to a sample of 200 pregnant women availing obstetrics and gynaecology services for routine prenatal check-ups of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, Pakistan. Psychometric properties of the instrument, including reliability (internal consistency, test-retest analysis and interitems correlation), were tested. Face and content validity were also assessed. Content Validity Index (CVI) was determined using the average approach and Item-Level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and Scale-Level Content Validity Index (S-CVI) were calculated accordingly. Construct validity was examined through exploratory factor analysis.
resultsCronbach's alpha coefficient has been found to be 0.82 for the anxiety subscale and 0.64 for the depression subscale, while overall alpha of the HADS/UV is 0.84. The Urdu version is content valid, and the S-CVI of anxiety subscale, depression subscale and HADS/UV are 0.947, 948 and 0.947, respectively. Test-retest reliability is 0.884 and 0.934 as measured by Pearson correlation and intraclass correlation, respectively. HADS/UV items correlated positively with the whole scale (p<0.001). Factor analysis with varimax rotation revealed that two factors explained 42.75% of the variance. Items' distribution was quite similar to the original HADS.
conclusionThe HADS/UV is a psychometrically sound instrument with satisfactory measurement, including good internal consistency. The instrument shows promise to be a sound tool to assess anxiety and depression in pregnancy.
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