ArticleOrthopedic reviews2020
The stiff elbow: Current concepts.
Article in Orthopedic reviews, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Tissue Flossing Technique in Patients With Post Traumatic Elbow Stiffness.
Comparative Effects of Mulligan Mobilization With and Without Myofascial Release Technique in Management of Post Traumatic Elbow Stiffness
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- The effects of coronoid fracture fixation on functional outcomes and complication rates following terrible triad injuries of the elbow.Clinics in shoulder and elbow · 2026Article
- Pre-operative soft tissue injuries as independent predictors of elbow stiffness after radial head fracture fixation: a pilot study.JSES international · 2026Article
- [Research progress on elbow joint rehabilitation robots].Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences · 2026Review
- WHICH FACTORS CAN DEFINE THE PROGNOSIS OF ARTICULAR FRACTURES OF THE CAPITELLUM AND TROCHLEA?Acta ortopedica brasileira · 2026Article
- Machine Learning Prediction of Poor Flexion-Extension Outcome After Open Elbow Arthrolysis: Identifying Individual Predisposition Using Clinical and Laboratory Indicators.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2025Article
- Investigating the effectiveness of stretching interventions on post-traumatic elbow stiffness: a systematic review.JSES international · 2025Review
- Effectiveness of WeChat-Based Plus Scene-Graphics Health Education for Rehabilitation After Open Elbow Arthrolysis: Historical Control Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of home based continuous passive motion compared with conventional physical therapy after arthroscopic release of degenerative elbow stiffness.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Open elbow arthrolysis with hinged external fixation for postburn elbow stiffness: a case series with an averaged 4-year follow-up.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Bifocal Radial Fracture/Dislocation and Distal Ulnar Fracture-A Rare Case of Proximal Forearm Instability Not Yet Classified and Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Impact of immobilization period and anterior capsular injury on flexion contracture in distal humerus coronal shear fractures.Clinics in shoulder and elbow · 2025Article
- Challenges in Management of a Post-Traumatic Stiff Elbow - When to Perform Open Arthrolysis: A Case Report.Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2025Article
- Rehabilitation after surgical release of the stiff elbow: A literature review.Journal of orthopaedics · 2025Review
- Occurrence of Malformations of the Upper Extremity in Tibial Hemimelia: Correlation with the Jones Classification.Indian journal of orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Osteochondral Lesions on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Following Simple Elbow Dislocations.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Optimizing continuous passive motion duration following arthroscopic release of elbow contracture: a retrospective study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Article
- Arthroscopic Percutaneous Fixation of Mason Type 2 Radial Head Fractures.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2024Article
- Classification and Incidence of Heterotopic Ossifications in Relation to NSAID Prophylaxis after Elbow Trauma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Genetic causal association between frozen shoulder and carpal tunnel syndrome: a two-sample mendelian randomization.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Article
- Heterotopic Ossification around the Elbow Revisited.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Elbow stiffness is defined as any loss of movement that is greater than 30° in extension and less than 120° in flexion. Causes of elbow stiffness can be classified as traumatic or atraumatic and as congenital or acquired. Any alteration affecting the stability elements of the elbow can lead to a reduction in the arc of movement. The classification is based on the specific structures involved (Kay's classification), anatomical location (Morrey's classification), or on the degree of severity of rigidity (Vidal's classification). Diagnosis is the result of a combination of medical history, physical examination (evaluating both active and passive movements), and imaging. The loss of soft tissue elasticity could be the result of bleeding, edema, granulation tissue formation, and fibrosis. Preventive measures include immobilization in extension, use of post-surgical drain, elastic compression bandage and continuous passive motion. Conservative treatment is used when elbow stiffness has been present for less than six months and consists of the use of serial casts, static or dynamic splints, CPM, physical therapy, manipulations and functional re-education. If conservative treatment fails or is not indicated, surgery is performed. Extrinsic rigidity cases are usually managed with an open or arthroscopic release, while those that are due to intrinsic causes can be managed with arthroplasties. The elbow is a joint that is particularly prone to developing stiffness due to its anatomical and biomechanical complexity, therefore the treatment of this pathology represents a challenge for the physiotherapist and the surgeon alike.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.