Reduced white matter integrity associated with cognitive deficits in patients with drug-naive first-episode schizophrenia revealed by diffusion tensor imaging.

Patients with schizophrenia have shown widespread white matter microstructural abnormalities and cognitive deficits, but the definitive relationship between white matter and cognitive performance remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the possible associations between white matter integrity and cognitive deficits in drug-naive first-episode schizophrenia (dn-FES) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). A total of 96 participants, including 46 dn-FES patients and 50 healthy individuals, underwent 3.0 T magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging and cognitive assessments using the Chinese version of the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Group differences were tested using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). Compared with the control group, the dn-FES group exhibited reduced white matter integrity, as indexed using fractional anisotropy (FA) metrics, in the right-hemispheric cluster comprising the posterior thalamic radiation, posterior corona radiata, superior longitudinal fasciculus, retrolenticular part of the internal capsule, tapetum, splenium of the corpus callosum, sagittal stratum, and inferior longitudinal fasciculus. We found that social cognitive deficit is significantly correlated with reduced FA in these white matter regions, except the sagittal stratum and inferior longitudinal fasciculus. Furthermore, we found that speed of processing is positively correlated with reduced FA in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus of dn-FES patients. In summary, white matter deficits were validated in dn-FES patients and could be associated with speed of processing and social cognition, providing clues about a neural basis of schizophrenia and a potential biomarker for clinical studies.