ReviewBiomarker insights2020
Fluid Biomarkers for Synaptic Dysfunction and Loss.
Review in Biomarker insights, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 174 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synaptic biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease dementia and mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Pooled it
- Sex-specific brain reserve and progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Phytochemicals in Alzheimer's Disease Prevention and Management: Molecular Mechanisms, Therapeutic Potential, Translational Challenges, and Emerging Research Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Nanoparticles that target nonamyloid and nontau pathways in Alzheimer's disease.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Transglutaminase and its role in Alzheimer's disease: focus on mitochondria, aging, defective mitophagy, synaptic degeneration, and metabolomics.GeroScience · 2026Review
- Synaptic and cytoskeletal CSF signatures of motor neuron disease: the role of cyclase-associated protein 2.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- High Proportions of GAP43 Positivity in the Cerebrospinal Fluids of Patients with Sporadic and Certain Types of Genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Diseases by Western Blot Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Associations of cerebrospinal fluid measures of synaptic function with white matter microstructure and cognition in older adults.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- The roles of biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Review
- Artificial intelligence and machine learning for precision prevention of cognitive decline: integrating multimodal biomarkers, lifestyle interventions, and natural medicines from prediction to clinical practice.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Fluid biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases: a comprehensive update.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Review
- Cognitive resilience in preclinical Alzheimer's disease: Higher NPTX2 and VGF levels are associated with reduced cognitive decline.Neurobiology of aging · 2025Article
- Next-generation neurotherapeutics: nanotechnology, immunotherapy, and gene editing for neurodegenerative diseases.Neurodegenerative disease management · 2025Review
- Cerebrospinal fluid NPTX2 and [Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Article
- CSF Beta-Synuclein, SNAP-25, and Neurogranin in Infectious and Autoimmune Inflammatory Neurologic Diseases.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Hippocampal volume moderates the association between cerebrospinal fluid growth-associated protein 43 and episodic memory performance in older adults.Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition · 2025Article
- Synaptic dysfunction and glial activation markers throughout aging and early neurodegeneration: a longitudinal CSF biomarker-based study.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid markers link to synaptic plasticity responses and Alzheimer's disease genetic pathways.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Article
- Evidence for reduced synaptic protein SNAP-25 in cerebrospinal fluid in major depressive disorder and schizophrenia.BMJ mental health · 2025Article
- Comorbid Pathologies and Their Impact on Dementia with Lewy Bodies-Current View.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Synapses are the site for brain communication where information is transmitted between neurons and stored for memory formation. Synaptic degeneration is a global and early pathogenic event in neurodegenerative disorders with reduced levels of pre- and postsynaptic proteins being recognized as a core feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. Together with AD, other neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders show altered synaptic homeostasis as an important pathogenic event, and due to that, they are commonly referred to as synaptopathies. The exact mechanisms of synapse dysfunction in the different diseases are not well understood and their study would help understanding the pathogenic role of synaptic degeneration, as well as differences and commonalities among them and highlight candidate synaptic biomarkers for specific disorders. The assessment of synaptic proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which can reflect synaptic dysfunction in patients with cognitive disorders, is a keen area of interest. Substantial research efforts are now directed toward the investigation of CSF synaptic pathology to improve the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders at an early stage as well as to monitor clinical progression. In this review, we will first summarize the pathological events that lead to synapse loss and then discuss the available data on established (eg, neurogranin, SNAP-25, synaptotagmin-1, GAP-43, and α-syn) and emerging (eg, synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A and neuronal pentraxins) CSF biomarkers for synapse dysfunction, while highlighting possible utilities, disease specificity, and technical challenges for their detection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.