ArticleNature communications2020
Femtosecond laser programmed artificial musculoskeletal systems.
Article in Nature communications, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed.
- Structural Evolution of Biomedical Microrobots: From Rigid to Soft to Rigid-Soft Integrated Systems.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Ultrasound-sensitive microrobotic sensor with robust anchoring for long-term digestive lesion assessment.National science review · 2026Article
- A tactile gripper on an optical fiber for perception and actuation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Direct Laser Writing of Selectively Degradable Polypeptide Hydrogel Microstructures by Proteolytic Enzymes.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- A self-directed Trojanbot-enzymatic nanobot in neutrobot for active target therapy of glioblastoma.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Femtosecond-Laser Preparation of Hydrogel with Micro/Nano-Structures and their Biomedical Applications.Small science · 2025Review
- 'Ship-in-a-Bottle' Integration of pH-Sensitive 3D Proteinaceous Meshes into Microfluidic Channels.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Free-space direct nanoscale 3D printing of metals and alloys enabled by two-photon decomposition and ultrafast optical trapping.Nature materials · 2024Article
- Generation of Tailored Multi-Material Microstructures Through One-Step Direct Laser Writing.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2024Article
- Editorial for the Topic on Advanced Laser Fabrication Technologies for Cross-Field Applications.Micromachines · 2024Article
- Femtosecond laser writing of ant-inspired reconfigurable microbot collectives.Nature communications · 2024Article
- 3D nanofabricated soft microrobots with super-compliant picoforce springs as onboard sensors and actuators.Nature nanotechnology · 2024Article
- Variable Stiffness Fibers Enabled Universal and Programmable Re-Foldability Strategy for Modular Soft Robotics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Evolution of the Microrobots: Stimuli-Responsive Materials and Additive Manufacturing Technologies Turn Small Structures into Microscale Robots.Micromachines · 2024Review
- Laser manufacturing of spatial resolution approaching quantum limit.Light, science & applications · 2024Article
- Precise Focal Spot Positioning on an Opaque Substrate Based on the Diffraction Phenomenon in Laser Microfabrication.Micromachines · 2023Article
- High-Transmission Biomimetics Structural Surfaces Produced via Ultrafast Laser Manufacturing.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Optical force brush enabled free-space painting of 4D functional structures.Science advances · 2023Article
- Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing of Gecko-Inspired Switchable Adhesion Interfaces on a Flexible Substrate.Micromachines · 2023Article
- Four-Dimensional Micro/Nanorobots via Laser Photochemical Synthesis towards the Molecular Scale.Micromachines · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Natural musculoskeletal systems have been widely recognized as an advanced robotic model for designing robust yet flexible microbots. However, the development of artificial musculoskeletal systems at micro-nanoscale currently remains a big challenge, since it requires precise assembly of two or more materials of distinct properties into complex 3D micro/nanostructures. In this study, we report femtosecond laser programmed artificial musculoskeletal systems for prototyping 3D microbots, using relatively stiff SU-8 as the skeleton and pH-responsive protein (bovine serum albumin, BSA) as the smart muscle. To realize the programmable integration of the two materials into a 3D configuration, a successive on-chip two-photon polymerization (TPP) strategy that enables structuring two photosensitive materials sequentially within a predesigned configuration was proposed. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate a pH-responsive spider microbot and a 3D smart micro-gripper that enables controllable grabbing and releasing. Our strategy provides a universal protocol for directly printing 3D microbots composed of multiple materials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.