ArticleJournal of psychiatric research2020
The landscape of cognitive function in recovered COVID-19 patients.
Article in Journal of psychiatric research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 229 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
May Covid-19 Impair Executive Functions? A Crossectional Study
Evaluation Of Cognitive Functions In Adult Individuals With COVID-19
Who cites it
229 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prevalence and long-term outcomes of brain fog and cognitive impairment in individuals with long COVID: A systematic review.Medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Parallel electrophysiological abnormalities due to COVID-19 infection and to Alzheimer's disease and related dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Pooled it
- Neuropsychological deficits in patients with persistent COVID-19 symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Attention and memory after COVID-19 as measured by neuropsychological tests: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta psychologica · 2023Pooled it
- COVID-19 associated cognitive impairment: A systematic review.Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior · 2022Pooled it
- The Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Cognitive Function and the Implication for Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19 - A systematic review.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Cognitive function among COVID-19 survivors in the subacute phase during the epidemic of Omicron variant in China.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2026Article
- Neurocognitive and Neuropsychiatric Trajectories in a Post-COVID Cohort: A Descriptive Longitudinal Study.Neurology international · 2026Article
- The Impact of Long COVID on Cognitive Functioning.Journal of Intelligence · 2026Article
- Postacute COVID-19 Symptoms and Health Care Utilization and Spending Among Traditional Medicare Beneficiaries.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Dynamic multivariate patterns of brain structure-neuropsychiatric symptom associations in long COVID.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Investigating the Impact of COVID-19 on Cognitive Functions Through Event-Related Potentials Analysis.Noro psikiyatri arsivi · 2026Article
- Trends in cognitive impairment among older adults in China from 2002 to 2022: Evaluating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Article
- Long-Term Health Consequences of SARS-CoV-2: Reaction Time and Brain Fog.Neurology international · 2025Article
- Cognitive functioning in young adults after mild COVID-19: A case-control study from Iran.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- Physical Symptoms and Neurocognitive Complaints in Long COVID: Associations with Gender, Age, Education, and Clinical Factors.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Exploring Alice in Wonderland syndrome in adults with persistent headache after COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in Latin America.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- The impact of acute COVID-19 symptoms on insomnia: A longitudinal study among medical students.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
169 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the impacts of COVID-19 on cognitive functions in recovered patients and its relationship with inflammatory profiles. Twenty-nine patients recovered from COVID-19 as confirmed by negative nucleic tests for two consecutive times were recruited. A total of 29 age-, gender- and education-matched healthy controls were also recruited. The cognitive functions of all subjects were evaluated by the iPad-based online neuropsychological tests, including the Trail Making Test (TMT), Sign Coding Test (SCT), Continuous Performance Test (CPT), and Digital Span Test (DST). Blood samples from all patients were collected for examining inflammatory profiles, including interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and C-reactive protein (CRP). The relationship between cognitive functions and inflammatory profiles were analyzed by Pearson correlation. In results, although no significant differences were found in TMT, SCT, and DST between the two groups, patients with COVID-19 scored lower in the correct number of the second and third parts of CPT, they also scored higher in the missing number of the third part of CPT (all P < 0.05). In patients with COVID-19, there was a trend of significant difference for lower reaction time in the first and second parts of CPT (P = 0.050, and 0.051, respectively), as well as the lower correct number of the second part of CPT (P = 0.050). Correlation analysis showed that the reaction time for the first and second parts of CPT was positively correlated with the CRP levels (r = 0.557 and 0.410, P < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings indicated that cognitive impairments exist even in patients recovered from COVID-19, and might be possibly linked to the underlying inflammatory processes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.