Trial reportImplementation science : IS2020
Comparing effects of two higher intensity feedback interventions with simple feedback on improving staff communication in nursing homes-the INFORM cluster-randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Implementation science : IS, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02695836 (Improving Nursing Home Care Through Feedback On PerfoRMance Data), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Improving Nursing Home Care Through Feedback On PerfoRMance Data (INFORM)
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness and experiences of quality improvement interventions in older care: a mixed-methods systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Safer Care for Older Persons in (residential) Environments (SCOPE): a pragmatic controlled trial of a care aide-led quality improvement intervention.Implementation science : IS · 2023Trial
- Cluster randomised trial of a complex interprofessional intervention (interprof ACT) to reduce hospital admission of nursing home residents.Age and ageing · 2023Trial
- Sustained effects of the INFORM cluster randomized trial: an observational post-intervention study.Implementation science : IS · 2021Trial
- Examining fidelity in the INFORM trial: a complex team-based behavioral intervention.Implementation science : IS · 2020Trial
- Staff feedback within an acute mental health hospital: a qualitative interview study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Generating and translating evidence for safe and effective medication management in aged care homes.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Review
- The Association of Nursing Homes' Organizational Context With Care Aide Empowerment: A Cross-Sectional Study.The Gerontologist · 2024Article
- Counting what counts: assessing quality of life and its social determinants among nursing home residents with dementia.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- Development and validation of the Overall Fidelity Enactment Scale for Complex Interventions (OFES-CI).BMJ quality & safety · 2024Article
- The Influence of Context on Implementation and Improvement: Protocol for a Mixed Methods, Secondary Analyses Study.JMIR research protocols · 2022Article
- The uptake and use of a minimum data set (MDS) for older people living and dying in care homes: a realist review.BMC geriatrics · 2022Article
- Fidelity is not easy! Challenges and guidelines for assessing fidelity in complex interventions.Trials · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 10 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEffective communication among interdisciplinary healthcare teams is essential for quality healthcare, especially in nursing homes (NHs). Care aides provide most direct care in NHs, yet are rarely included in formal communications about resident care (e.g., change of shift reports, family conferences). Audit and feedback is a potentially effective improvement intervention. This study compares the effect of simple and two higher intensity levels of feedback based on goal-setting theory on improving formal staff communication in NHs.
methodsThis pragmatic three-arm parallel cluster-randomized controlled trial included NHs participating in TREC (translating research in elder care) across the Canadian provinces of Alberta and British Columbia. Facilities with at least one care unit with 10 or more care aide responses on the TREC baseline survey were eligible. At baseline, 4641 care aides and 1693 nurses cared for 8766 residents in 67 eligible NHs. NHs were randomly allocated to a simple (control) group (22 homes, 60 care units) or one of two higher intensity feedback intervention groups (based on goal-setting theory): basic assisted feedback (22 homes, 69 care units) and enhanced assisted feedback 2 (23 homes, 72 care units). Our primary outcome was the amount of formal communication about resident care that involved care aides, measured by the Alberta Context Tool and presented as adjusted mean differences [95% confidence interval] between study arms at 12-month follow-up.
resultsBaseline and follow-up data were available for 20 homes (57 care units, 751 care aides, 2428 residents) in the control group, 19 homes (61 care units, 836 care aides, 2387 residents) in the basic group, and 14 homes (45 care units, 615 care aides, 1584 residents) in the enhanced group. Compared to simple feedback, care aide involvement in formal communications at follow-up was 0.17 points higher in both the basic ([0.03; 0.32], p = 0.021) and enhanced groups ([0.01; 0.33], p = 0.035). We found no difference in this outcome between the two higher intensity groups.
conclusionsTheoretically informed feedback was superior to simple feedback in improving care aides' involvement in formal communications about resident care. This underlines that prior estimates for efficacy of audit and feedback may be constrained by the type of feedback intervention tested.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT02695836 ), registered on March 1, 2016.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.