ArticleJournal of foot and ankle research2020
Toe flexor strength is associated with mobility in older adults with pronated and supinated feet but not with neutral feet.
Article in Journal of foot and ankle research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combined Use of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation and Short Foot Exercise Improves Navicular Height, Muscle Size, Function Mobility, and Risk of Falls in Healthy Older Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- The Effect of Shoe Insole Stiffness Modifications on Walking Performance in Older Adults: A Feasibility Study.Journal of applied biomechanics · 2025Article
- Characterization of Great Toe Extension Strength Using ToeScale-A Novel Portable Device.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Toe Grip Strength Is Associated with Improving Gait Function in Patients with Subacute Stroke.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Age-Related Reduction of Foot Intrinsic Muscle Function and the Relationship with Postural Stability in Old Adults.Clinical interventions in aging · 2024Article
- Article
- Associations between the size of individual plantar intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles and toe flexor strength.Journal of foot and ankle research · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOlder adults are known to have more pronated foot posture and decreased toe flexor strength (TFS), as well as decreased mobility in daily life compared to young adults. Although foot posture is reported to be an influential factor for walking biomechanics in young adults, there is less information on this subject in older adults. Age-related reduction in TFS is shown to be associated with impairments of functional performance, but it is poorly understood whether foot posture influences the relationships between TFS and functional performances. Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidate this concern by examining older women.
methodsSeventy community-dwelling older women (76.8 ± 4.4 years) voluntarily participated in this study. Foot posture was evaluated by the 6-item foot posture index (FPI). Based on the FPI score, participants were allocated to pronated, neutral, or supinated group (n = 33, 26, and 11, respectively). TFS was assessed using a toe grip dynamometer in a seated position. Scores of 30-s chair stand, timed up-and-go, 5-m comfortable-speed walking, and static balance tests were determined to evaluate functional performances. Pearson's correlation coefficients were computed to examine the relationships between TFS and functional performances in each group.
resultsTFS positively correlated with comfortable walking speed in the pronated (r = 0.37, p = 0.03) and supinated (r = 0.76, p < 0.001) groups, but not in the neutral group (r = 0.17, p = 0.42). For the two significant relationships, an analysis of covariance showed that there was no significant difference between the pronated and supinated groups in the slopes of the regression lines, suggesting a similar relative contribution of TFS to comfortable walking speed between the two groups. In addition, TFS tended to negatively correlate with timed up-and-go time in the pronated (r = - 0.32, p = 0.07) and supinated (r = - 0.56, p = 0.08) groups, and positively correlate with 30-s chair stand score in the pronated group (r = 0.31, p = 0.08).
conclusionsThe present study indicates that TFS would be associated with mobility, walking performance in particular, in older women with pronated and supinated feet but not with neutral feet.
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