Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32912232›Full record

ArticleInternational journal for equity in health2020

Socio-economic inequalities in suffering at the end of life among advanced cancer patients: results from the APPROACH study in five Asian countries.

Chetna Malhotra, Anirudh Krishnan, Jing Rong Yong, Irene Teo, Semra Ozdemir, Xiao Hong Ning, Thushari Hapuarachchi, Gayatri Palat, Sushma Bhatnagar, Anjum Khan Joad and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal for equity in health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  15. The Contribution of the European School Of Oncology Education to the Central Asian and Caucasian Regions.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Chetna MalhotraLien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Level 4, Singapore, 169857, Singapore. chetna.malhotra@duke-nus.edu.sg.ORCID 0000-0002-5380-0525
Anirudh KrishnanLien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Level 4, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
Jing Rong YongLien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Level 4, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
Irene TeoLien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Level 4, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
Semra OzdemirLien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Level 4, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
Xiao Hong NingGeriatric Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
Thushari HapuarachchiNational Cancer Institute Maharagama, Maharagama, Sri Lanka.
Gayatri PalatDepartment of Palliative Medicine, MNJ Institute of Oncology and Regional Cancer Center, Hyderabad, India.
Sushma BhatnagarUnit of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India.
Anjum Khan JoadDepartment of Anesthesiology and Palliative Medicine, Bhagwan Mahaveer Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Jaipur, India.
Pham Nguyen TuongOncology Center, Hue Central Hospital, 16 Le Loi, Hue City, Hue, Vietnam.
Wynn Mon SsuClinical Research Division, Yangon General Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar.
Eric FinkelsteinLien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Level 4, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundA systematic understanding of socio-economic inequalities in end-of-life (EOL) suffering among advanced cancer patients is required to inform efforts to reduce these inequalities as part of Universal Health Coverage goals.

aimsTo assess inequalities in multiple domains of EOL suffering among advanced cancer patients - physical, functional, psychological, social, and spiritual -, using two socio-economic status (SES) indicators, education and perceived economic status of the household.

methodsWe used cross-sectional data from surveys of stage IV cancer patients (n = 1378) from seven hospitals across five countries (China, Sri Lanka, India, Vietnam and Myanmar). We conducted separate multivariable linear regression models for each EOL suffering domain. We also tested interactions between the two SES indicators and between each SES indicator and patient age.

resultsPatients living in low economic status households /with fewer years of education reported greater suffering in several domains. We also found significant interaction effects between economic status of the household and years of education for all EOL suffering outcomes. Age significantly moderated the association between economic status of the household and social suffering and between years of education and psychological, social, and spiritual suffering (p < 0.05 for all).

conclusionResults highlight that SES inequalities in EOL suffering vary depending on the suffering domain, the SES indicator assessed, and by patient age. Greater palliative care resources for patients with low SES may help reduce these inequalities.

Indexed as

Health EquityNeoplasmsPalliative CareSocial ClassTerminal CareAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAsiaCross-Sectional StudiesDeathDeveloping CountriesEducational StatusFemaleFunctional StatusHumansEconomic statusEnd of lifeInequalitiesMetastasis

Identifiers

PMID32912232
PMCPMC7488341

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.