ReviewToxins2020
Venom Ophthalmia and Ocular Complications Caused by Snake Venom.
Review in Toxins, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early Clinical Approach Prevents Severe Neurotoxicity Following Cobra Envenoming: An Integrated Experimental and Multi-Center Clinical Study in Thailand.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Seeing the unseen: The low treatment rate of eye emergencies in Africa.World journal of methodology · 2025Article
- Article
- A Case Report of Rattlesnake Musk Exposure Causing Chemical Conjunctivitis.Clinical practice and cases in emergency medicine · 2025Article
- A review study on forensic optometry: new insights in forensic science to solve crime scenes, domestic violence and sexual assaults.International ophthalmology · 2024Review
- Article
- Ocular inoculation of toad venom: toxic cataract and proteomic profiling.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- The Chinese guideline for management of snakebites.World journal of emergency medicine · 2024Article
- miRNAs derived from cobra venom exosomes contribute to the cobra envenomation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Article
- A Retrospective Cohort Study of Cobra Envenomation: Clinical Characteristics, Treatments, and Outcomes.Toxins · 2023Article
- Ashes to eye: A skilled snake handler's experience with ophthalmic envenomation.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Bilateral Simultaneous Optic Neuritis Following Envenomations by Indian Cobra and Common Krait.Toxins · 2022Article
- Review
- Black-necked spitting cobra (Naja nigricollis) phospholipases AScientific reports · 2022Article
- Review of the Mechanisms of Snake Venom Induced Pain: It's All about Location, Location, Location.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Article
- [Haemorrhagic Stroke after Snakebite Envenomation Resulting in Irreversible Blindness in a 6-Year-Old Child in Mali].Medecine tropicale et sante internationale · 2021Article
- Article
- A Neurotoxic Snake Venom without Phospholipase AToxins · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Little is known about the detailed clinical description, pathophysiology, and efficacy of treatments for ocular envenoming (venom ophthalmia) caused by venom of the spitting elapid and other snakes, as well as ocular complications caused by snake venom injection. In this paper, we review clinical information of case reports regarding venom ophthalmia and snake venom injection with associated ocular injuries in Asia, Africa, and the United States. We also review the literature of snake venom such as their compositions, properties, and toxic effects. Based on the available clinical information and animal studies, we further discuss possible mechanisms of venom ophthalmia derived from two different routes (Duvernoy's gland in the mouth and nuchal gland in the dorsal neck) and the pathophysiology of snake venom injection induced ocular complications, including corneal edema, corneal erosion, cataract, ocular inflammation, retinal hemorrhage, acute angle closure glaucoma, as well as ptosis, diplopia, and photophobia. Finally, we discuss the appropriate first aid and novel strategies for treating venom ophthalmia and snake envenoming.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.