ArticlePloS one2020
The metronomic combination of paclitaxel with cholinergic agonists inhibits triple negative breast tumor progression. Participation of M2 receptor subtype.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Bioactive Natural Compounds in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Perspectives.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Anti-carcinogenic effects of arecaidine but-2-ynyl ester tosylate on breast cancer: proliferation inhibition and activation of apoptosis.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Hexachlorobenzene as a differential modulator of the conventional and metronomic chemotherapy response in triple negative breast cancer cells.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2024Article
- M2 Muscarinic Receptor Stimulation Induces Autophagy in Human Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cells via mTOR Complex-1 Inhibition.Cancers · 2023Article
- Acetylcholine, Another Factor in Breast Cancer.Biology · 2023Article
- Exploring neurotransmitters and their receptors for breast cancer prevention and treatment.Theranostics · 2023Review
- Muscarinic Receptors Associated with Cancer.Cancers · 2022Review
- Metronomic chemotherapy (mCHT) in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients: results of the VICTOR-6 study.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2021Article
- Article
- Article
- Breast cancer: Muscarinic receptors as new targets for tumor therapy.World journal of clinical oncology · 2021Review
- The Combination of the M2 Muscarinic Receptor Agonist and Chemotherapy Affects Drug Resistance in Neuroblastoma Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Triple negative tumors are more aggressive than other breast cancer subtypes and there is a lack of specific therapeutic targets on them. Since muscarinic receptors have been linked to tumor progression, we investigated the effect of metronomic therapy employing a traditional anti-cancer drug, paclitaxel plus muscarinic agonists at low doses on this type of tumor. We observed that MDA-MB231 tumor cells express muscarinic receptors, while they are absent in the non-tumorigenic MCF-10A cell line, which was used as control. The addition of carbachol or arecaidine propargyl ester, a non-selective or a selective subtype 2 muscarinic receptor agonist respectively, plus paclitaxel reduces cell viability involving a down-regulation in the expression of ATP "binding cassette" G2 drug transporter and epidermal growth factor receptor. We also detected an inhibition of tumor cell migration and anti-angiogenic effects produced by those drug combinations in vitro and in vivo (in NUDE mice) respectively. Our findings provide substantial evidence about subtype 2 muscarinic receptors as therapeutic targets for the treatment of triple negative tumors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.