ArticleHuman brain mapping2021
Estrogen, brain structure, and cognition in postmenopausal women.
Article in Human brain mapping, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06533982 (Effect of Different Exercise Modalities on Cardiovascular and Cognitive Response in Postmenopausal Women With and Without Vasomotor Symptoms), which is not on this map. Cited by 45 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Different Exercise Modalities on Cardiovascular and Cognitive Response in Postmenopausal Women With and Without Vasomotor Symptoms
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Premature and early menopause and neuroimaging biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review.Frontiers in dementia · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of menopause hormone therapy on risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- Associations of Hysterectomy and Oophorectomy with Dementia Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical evidence on integrated Chinese-Western medicine for perimenopausal syndrome.Integrative medicine research · 2026Article
- Associations of Iron Indicators with Cognitive Impairment Risk in Postmenopausal Women: Evidence from a Matched Case-Control Study and Back Propagation Neural Network Model.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Brain maintenance biomarkers from structural and functional interactions in aging and neurodegeneration.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Sleep characteristics and cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder: age-specific associations.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Cognitive decline and reduced bone mineral density under the bone-brain axis: mechanistic insights and imaging evaluation strategies.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Estrogen Enhances SK Channel Activity to Limit Hippocampal Arteriole Constriction.Circulation research · 2025Article
- Review
- Parallel Gene Expression Changes in Ventral Midbrain Dopamine and GABA Neurons during Normal Aging.eNeuro · 2025Article
- Review
- Effects of tamoxifen on cognitive function in patients with primary breast cancer.British journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Body composition and cognitive function in Chinese rural adults: an exploratory factor analysis and network analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Bee venom-derived phospholipase AFrontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Thalamus anatomy predicts cognitive performance and hippocampal atrophy in aging adults: a UK Biobank study.Brain communications · 2025Article
- An Investigation on Modifiable and Nonmodifiable Estrogen Exposure and Gray Matter Volume in Healthy Older Women.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Investigating links between white matter hyperintensities and menopausal status using robust age-correction methods in UK Biobank.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Chronic Caffeine Consumption, Alone or Combined with Agomelatine or Quetiapine, Reduces the Maximum EEG Peak, As Linked to Cortical Neurodegeneration, Ovarian Estrogen Receptor Alpha, and Melatonin Receptor 2.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Advancements in APOE and dementia research: Highlights from the 2023 AAIC Advancements: APOE conference.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Declining estrogen levels before, during, and after menopause can affect memory and risk for Alzheimer's disease. Undesirable side effects of hormone variations emphasize a role for hormone therapy (HT) where possible benefits include a delay in the onset of dementia-yet findings are inconsistent. Effects of HT may be mediated by estrogen receptors found throughout the brain. Effects may also depend on lifestyle factors, timing of use, and genetic risk. We studied the impact of self-reported HT use on brain volume in 562 elderly women (71-94 years) with mixed cognitive status while adjusting for aforementioned factors. Covariate-adjusted voxelwise linear regression analyses using a model with 16 predictors showed HT use as positively associated with regional brain volumes, regardless of cognitive status. Examinations of other factors related to menopause, oophorectomy and hysterectomy status independently yielded positive effects on brain volume when added to our model. One interaction term, HTxBMI, out of several examined, revealed significant negative association with overall brain volume, suggesting a greater reduction in brain volume than BMI alone. Our main findings relating HT to regional brain volume were as hypothesized, but some exploratory analyses were not in line with existing hypotheses. Studies suggest lower levels of estrogen resulting from oophorectomy and hysterectomy affect brain volume negatively, and the addition of HT modifies the relation between BMI and brain volume positively. Effects of HT may depend on the age range assessed, motivating studies with a wider age range as well as a randomized design.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.