ReviewSports medicine - open2020
Reasons for and Consequences of Low Energy Availability in Female and Male Athletes: Social Environment, Adaptations, and Prevention.
Review in Sports medicine - open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06615388 (Low Energy Availability and Cardiovascular Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 88 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Low Energy Availability and Cardiovascular Disease
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Low Energy Availability and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Pooled it
- Nutritional Strategies in the Rehabilitation of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Athletes: A Systematic Integrative Review.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Changes of body composition through an athlete-specific dietary guidance professional track and field athletes: a randomized controlled study.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026Trial
- Metabolic signature of short-term low energy availability.Physiological reports · 2025Trial
- Similar body composition outcomes following volumetric diet and time-restricted eating in middle-aged individuals: a 12-week randomized controlled trial.Nutrition journal · 2025Trial
- Intensified training in adolescent female athletes: a crossover study of Greek yogurt effects on indices of recovery.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2022Trial
- Influence of physical activity on periodontal health in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A blinded, randomized, controlled trial.Clinical oral investigations · 2021Trial
- Association between energy availability and sleep quality in elite female and male swimmers: a brief report.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026Article
- Post-competition recovery in natural physique athletes: body composition, metabolic adaptation, and refeeding responses.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026Article
- Association between dietary intake, energy availability, and recovery in young sub-elite Moroccan football players.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026Article
- Exercise and Fat: A Primer.Sports medicine - open · 2026Review
- A study for markers of low energy availability in athletes: a meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Adaptation or Maladaptation? Rethinking How Energy Restriction Outcomes Are Monitored.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) and Body Composition.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- From Routine Blood Tests to Metabolomics: A Contextual Framework for Interpreting Biomarkers of Training Load, Recovery, and Metabolic Stress in Athletes.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Impact of United States marine corps recruit training on the stress response and menstrual function in female marine recruits.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Coupling mechanisms between energy compensation and metabolic adaptation during high-intensity training in athletes: a longitudinal study based on multi-omics and individualized energy modeling.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A Longitudinal Evaluation of Bone Mineral Density Across a Macrocycle in Highly Trained Female Athletes: A Systematic Review.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Low energy availability (LEA) represents a state in which the body does not have enough energy left to support all physiological functions needed to maintain optimal health. When compared to the normal population, athletes are particularly at risk to experience LEA and the reasons for this are manifold. LEA may result from altered dietary behaviours that are caused by body dissatisfaction, the belief that a lower body weight will result in greater performance, or social pressure to look a certain way. Pressure can also be experienced from the coach, teammates, and in this day and age through social media platforms. While LEA has been extensively described in females and female athletes have started fighting against the pressure to be thin using their social media platforms, evidence shows that male athletes are at risk as well. Besides those obvious reasons for LEA, athletes engaging in sports with high energy expenditure (e.g. rowing or cycling) can unintentionally experience LEA; particularly, when the athletes' caloric intake is not matched with exercise intensity. Whether unintentional or not, LEA may have detrimental consequences on health and performance, because both short-term and long-term LEA induces a variety of maladaptations such as endocrine alterations, suppression of the reproductive axis, mental disorders, thyroid suppression, and altered metabolic responses. Therefore, the aim of this review is to increase the understanding of LEA, including the role of an athlete's social environment and the performance effects related to LEA.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.