ArticleeLife2020
Dissecting the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments in Glioblastoma-on-a-Chip for optimized PD-1 immunotherapy.
Article in eLife, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 109 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Research progress on the role of dendritic cells in glioma during 1992-2024: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Tumor-Immune-On-Chip to Evaluate Pathophysiological Feature of T Lymphocytes Expanded from Patient Tumors and Lymph Node Tissues.Cancer medicine · 2026Trial
- Biomimetic Scaffold-Based 3D Models for Decoding Cancer Biology and Advancing Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Construction Strategies, Microenvironmental Modelling and Precision-Therapy Applications of Glioma Organoid Models.Cancers · 2026Review
- Neural Crest-Derived Stem Cell Secretomes and Extracellular Vesicles Disrupt Glioblastoma through Dual-Pathway Inflammatory Rebalancing.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Article
- Decoding glioblastoma evolution and heterogeneity through mechanistic modeling: implications for clinical translation.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Review
- Organ-on-a-chip toxicology.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2026Review
- Applying microfluidic technology to interpret the tumor immune microenvironment and cancer immunotherapy.Cancer biology & medicine · 2026Review
- Tumor-on-chip's alliance with molecular pathology against metastatic disease.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Review
- M2 macrophages modulate the differentiation of CD8 + CD101-TIM3 + T cells via the SPP1‒CD44 pathway, influencing the immunotherapeutic response in NSCLC.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Translational Models for Glioblastoma: Revolutionizing Drug Development and Personalized Medicine through Clinical Insights.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Spatiotemporal and metabolic heterogeneity of tumor-associated macrophages in glioblastoma: from single-cell insights to therapeutic targeting.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Bridging the Gap: How Organ-on-a-Chip Technology Facilitates the Battle against Glioma.Small science · 2026Review
- Vascularized Tumor-on-a-Chip Model as a Platform for Studying Tumor-Microenvironment-Drug Interaction.Macromolecular bioscience · 2025Review
- Wnt inhibition alleviates resistance to anti-PD1 therapy and improves antitumor immunity in glioblastoma.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Harnessing organoid technology in urological cancer: advances and applications in urinary system tumors.World journal of surgical oncology · 2025Review
- Cancer-on-a-chip for precision cancer medicine.Lab on a chip · 2025Review
- Carboxypeptidase Q(CPQ) promotes glioma progression by inducing M2 macrophage polarization and immunosuppression.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- PD-1 regulates the anti-tumor immune function of macrophages through JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway in colorectal cancer tumor microenvironment.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Review
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) checkpoint immunotherapy efficacy remains unpredictable in glioblastoma (GBM) patients due to the genetic heterogeneity and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. Here, we report a microfluidics-based, patient-specific 'GBM-on-a-Chip' microphysiological system to dissect the heterogeneity of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments and optimize anti-PD-1 immunotherapy for different GBM subtypes. Our clinical and experimental analyses demonstrated that molecularly distinct GBM subtypes have distinct epigenetic and immune signatures that may lead to different immunosuppressive mechanisms. The real-time analysis in GBM-on-a-Chip showed that mesenchymal GBM niche attracted low number of allogeneic CD154+CD8+ T-cells but abundant CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and expressed elevated PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoints and TGF-β1, IL-10, and CSF-1 cytokines compared to proneural GBM. To enhance PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab efficacy, we co-administered a CSF-1R inhibitor BLZ945 to ablate CD163+ M2-TAMs and strengthened CD154+CD8+ T-cell functionality and GBM apoptosis on-chip. Our ex vivo patient-specific GBM-on-a-Chip provides an avenue for a personalized screening of immunotherapies for GBM patients.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.