Observational studyThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2020
Bone Development in Transgender Adolescents Treated With GnRH Analogues and Subsequent Gender-Affirming Hormones.
Observational study in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endocrine Management of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adolescents: Expert Opinion of the ESPE Working Group on Gender Incongruence and the Endo-ERN Main Thematic Group on Sexual Development and Maturation.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2026Guideline
- Gender affirming hormone therapy for individuals with gender dysphoria aged <26 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of disease in childhood · 2025Pooled it
- Puberty blockers for gender dysphoria in youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of disease in childhood · 2025Pooled it
- Use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists in transgender and gender diverse youth: a systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Therapeutic Issues Associated with Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy in Transgender Individuals: A Systematic Review Relevant to Community Pharmacy Practice.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A novel model to study the impact of gender-affirming therapy on bone in young male mice.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2026Article
- Sexual and Gender Minority Representation and Experiences in Orthopaedic Surgery: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2026Review
- Effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy from adolescence to adulthood on bone mineral density, body composition and muscle strength.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Nutritional status, body composition and bone health in treatment-naïve transgender and gender-diverse adolescents.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Pubertal Suppression for Transgender Youth: A Right to an Open Future Approach in Support of a Youth-Empowered Legal Framework.Journal of bioethical inquiry · 2025Article
- The Cass Review and Gender-Related Care for Young People in Canada: A Commentary on the Canadian Paediatric Society Position Statement on Transgender and Gender-Diverse Youth.Archives of sexual behavior · 2025Article
- Considerations in Care of the Transgender Orthopedic Patient.Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine · 2025Review
- Metabolic and Anthropometric Changes and Adverse Effects in Finnish Adolescents Using Gender-Affirming Hormonal Treatment.Transgender health · 2025Article
- GnRH analogs as a monotherapy in transgender and gender-diverse adolescents: clinical insights from a single-center study.Endocrine connections · 2025Article
- Psychological and Physical Health Outcomes Associated with Gender-Affirming Medical Care for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Youth: A Critical Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Effects of puberty suppression on bone, body composition, handgrip strength and glucolipid profile in early-pubertal transgender adolescents.International journal of transgender health · 2025Article
- Gender Reassignment and the Role of the Laboratory in Monitoring Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Psychodynamic psychotherapy for gender dysphoria is not conversion therapy.Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry = Journal de l'Academie canadienne de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent · 2024Article
- Gender Affirming Hormone Treatment for Trans Adolescents: A Four Principles Analysis.Journal of bioethical inquiry · 2024Article
- The association of gender-affirming hormone therapy duration and body mass index on bone mineral density in gender diverse adults.Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextHormonal interventions in adolescents with gender dysphoria may have adverse effects, such as reduced bone mineral accrual.
objectiveTo describe bone mass development in adolescents with gender dysphoria treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa), subsequently combined with gender-affirming hormones.
designObservational prospective study. SUBJECTS: 51 transgirls and 70 transboys receiving GnRHa and 36 transgirls and 42 transboys receiving GnRHa and gender-affirming hormones, subdivided into early- and late-pubertal groups.
main outcome measuresBone mineral apparent density (BMAD), age- and sex-specific BMAD z-scores, and serum bone markers.
resultsAt the start of GnRHa treatment, mean areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and BMAD values were within the normal range in all groups. In transgirls, the mean z-scores were well below the population mean. During 2 years of GnRHa treatment, BMAD stabilized or showed a small decrease, whereas z-scores decreased in all groups. During 3 years of combined administration of GnRHa and gender-affirming hormones, a significant increase of BMAD was found. Z-scores normalized in transboys but remained below zero in transgirls. In transgirls and early pubertal transboys, all bone markers decreased during GnRHa treatment.
conclusionsBMAD z-scores decreased during GnRHa treatment and increased during gender-affirming hormone treatment. Transboys had normal z-scores at baseline and at the end of the study. However, transgirls had relatively low z-scores, both at baseline and after 3 years of estrogen treatment. It is currently unclear whether this results in adverse outcomes, such as increased fracture risk, in transgirls as they grow older.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.