ArticleNeurology2020
Estimated age of first exposure to American football and outcome from concussion.
Abstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Younger Age of First Exposure to American Football Is Associated with Worse Informant-Reported Clinical Outcomes in Older Age Brain Donors.Journal of neurotrauma · 2026Article
- Sex, but not exposure-related variables, predicts baseline serum glial fibrillar acidic protein and neurofilament light levels in contact sport athletes.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2026Article
- The Association Between Age of First Exposure to American Football at a Young Age and Later-Life Health Issues in Healthy, Community-Dwelling Adults.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Associations of Collegiate Football Career and Incident Concussion with Players' Health: A Longitudinal Study from the CARE Consortium.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Age of First Exposure Does Not Relate to Post-Career Health in Former Professional American-Style Football Players.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Cognitive Impairment following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI): A Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Relating American Football Age of First Exposure to Patient-Reported Outcomes and Medical Diagnoses Among Former National Football League Players: An NFL-LONG study.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- White matter hyperintensities in former American football players.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
- Long-Term Changes in Brain Connectivity Reflected in Quantitative Electrophysiology of Symptomatic Former National Football League Players.Journal of neurotrauma · 2023Article
- Age of first exposure to soccer heading: Associations with cognitive, clinical, and imaging outcomes in the Einstein Soccer Study.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Decreased myelin proteins in brain donors exposed to football-related repetitive head impacts.Brain communications · 2023Article
- Preseason Cerebrovascular Function in Adolescent Athletes.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2021Article
- Age of First Exposure to Contact and Collision Sports and Later in Life Brain Health: A Narrative Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Review
- Age of First Exposure to Football Is Not Associated With Later-in-Life Cognitive or Mental Health Problems.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
45 authors.
Jaclyn B CacceseFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.ORCID 0000-0003-2329-3603
Zac HouckFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Thomas W KaminskiFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
James R ClugstonFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.ORCID 0000-0002-2103-1039
Grant L IversonFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Kelsey N BrykFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.ORCID 0000-0003-3926-230X
Jessie R OldhamFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.ORCID 0000-0003-2801-2110
Paul F PasquinaFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Steven P BroglioFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Thomas W McAllisterFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Michael McCreaFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
April Marie Reed HoyFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Joseph B HazzardFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Louise A KellyFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Justus D OrtegaFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Nicholas PortFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Margot PutukianFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
T Dianne LangfordFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Christopher C GizaFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Joshua T GoldmanFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Holly J BenjaminFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Julianne D SchmidtFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Luis A FeigenbaumFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
James T EcknerFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Jason P MihalikFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Jessica Dysart MilesFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Scott AndersonFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Christina L MasterFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Micky W CollinsFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Anthony P KontosFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Sara P D ChrismanFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Alison BrooksFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Jonathan C JacksonFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Gerald McGintyFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Kenneth L CameronFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.ORCID 0000-0002-6276-4482
Adam SusmarskiFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Patrick G O'DonnellFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Stefan DumaFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Steve RowsonFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Christopher M MilesFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Christopher T BullersFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Brian H DykhuizenFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Laura LintnerFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC.
Thomas A BuckleyFrom the Ohio State University College of Medicine (J.B.C.), Columbus; University of Florida (Z.H., J.R.C.), Gainesville; University of Delaware (T.W.K., K.N.B., T.A.B.), Newark; Harvard Medical School (G.L.I.), Boston; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute (G.L.I.), Charlestown; MassGeneral Hospital for Children (G.L.I.), Boston; Home Base (G.L.I.), A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention (J.R.O.), Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (P.F.P.), Bethesda; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (P.F.P.), Bethesda, MD; University of Michigan (S.P.B.), Ann Arbor; Indiana University School of Medicine (T.W.M.), Indianapolis; Medical College of Wisconsin (M.M.), Milwaukee; Azusa Pacific University (A.M.H.), CA; Bloomsburg University (J.B.H.), PA; California Lutheran University (L.A.K.), Thousand Oaks; Humboldt State University (J.D.O.), Arcata, CA; Indiana University (N.P.), Bloomington; Princeton University (M.P.), NJ; Temple University (T.D.L.), Philadelphia, PA; University of California (C.C.G., J.T.G.), Los Angeles; University of Chicago (H.J.B.), IL; University of Georgia (J.D.S.), Athens; University of Miami (L.A.F.), FL; University of Michigan (J.T.E.), Ann Arbor; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (J.P.M.); University of North Georgia (J.D.M.), Dahlonega; University of Oklahoma (S.A.), Norman; University of Pennsylvania (C.L.M.), Philadelphia; University of Pittsburgh (M.W.C., A.P.K.), PA; University of Washington (S.P.D.C.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin-Madison (A.B.); United States Air Force Academy (J.C.J., G.M.), Colorado Springs, CO; United States Military Academy (K.L.C.), West Point, NY; United States Naval Academy (A.S.), Annapolis, MD; United States Coast Guard Academy (P.G.O.), New London, CT; Virginia Tech (S.D., S.R.), Blacksburg; Wake Forest University (C.M.M., C.T.B.), Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington College (B.H.D.), OH; Winston-Salem University (L.L.), NC. tbuckley@udel.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-0515-0150
CARE Consortium Investigators
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the association between estimated age at first exposure (eAFE) to American football and clinical measures throughout recovery following concussion.
methodsParticipants were recruited across 30 colleges and universities as part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)-Department of Defense Concussion Assessment, Research and Education Consortium. There were 294 NCAA American football players (age 19 ± 1 years) evaluated 24-48 hours following concussion with valid baseline data and 327 (age 19 ± 1 years) evaluated at the time they were asymptomatic with valid baseline data. Participants sustained a medically diagnosed concussion between baseline testing and postconcussion assessments. Outcome measures included the number of days until asymptomatic, Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) composite scores, Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) total score, and Brief Symptom Inventory 18 (BSI-18) subscores. The eAFE was defined as participant's age at the time of assessment minus self-reported number of years playing football.
resultsIn unadjusted regression models, younger eAFE was associated with lower (worse) ImPACT Visual Motor Speed (
conclusionEarlier eAFE to American football was not associated with longer symptom recovery, worse balance, worse cognitive performance, or greater psychological distress following concussion. In these NCAA football players, longer duration of exposure to football during childhood and adolescence appears to be unrelated to clinical recovery following concussion.
Indexed as
AdolescentAdultAge DistributionAthletesAthletic InjuriesBrain ConcussionFootballHumansMaleNeuropsychological TestsStudentsUnited StatesUniversitiesYoung Adult
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