ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Neuroinflammation-Associated Alterations of the Brain as Potential Neural Biomarkers in Anxiety Disorders.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 161 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of psychological interventions on anxiety and depression in cancer pain patients: A meta-analysis.Medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Neurobiological effects of microbial treatments within psychiatry: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- The Scale of Neurodegeneration in Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies.Annals of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Fiber intake and fiber intervention in depression and anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials.Nutrition reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Serum TLR4, NF-κB, and NLRP3 Levels in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Case-Control Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Prenatal and early life phthalate exposure and early life stress: no interactions with adolescent internalizing symptoms.Environment international · 2026Article
- Immune dysregulation and gut microbiota: Connection to health and disease development.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Ketone Supplementation Decreased Lipopolysaccharide-Generated Anxiety-like Behavior in Female WAG/Rij Rats.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Genome-wide analysis of subcortical aging identifies a spatially structured pattern of genetic associations.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Dietary allergen promotes sex-specific leukocyte trafficking and alters the brain immune cell populations in subclinically sensitized mice.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Unveiling the enigma of anxiety disorders and depression: from pathogenesis to treatment.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Review
- Plasma chromogranin a levels and their role in the etiology of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Prevalence of sensory impairments and associations with symptoms of anxiety and depression in US older adults.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- The Role of Gut Microbiota in the Association between Air Pollution and Cognitive Function in Older Adults.Environmental health perspectives · 2026Article
- Chronic inflammation is associated with increased anxiety in the Cancer Disparities Research Network.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Altered Kynurenine Pathway Metabolism in Drug-naive Children and Adolescents with Generalized Anxiety Disorder.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Genetically determined causality between immune cells and anxiety disorders: A Mendelian randomization study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Postbiotics as a Therapeutic Tool in Depression: Exploring into Molecular Pathways and Neuroprotective Effects.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Combined and Separate Pretreatments with L-Theanine and Aerobic Exercise Modulate Cognitive Decline Following Chronic Neuroinflammation in Rats Exposed to Lipopolysaccharide.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Gut-Brain Inflammation and Disrupted Homeostasis Due to Activation of Mast Cells and Microglia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Stress-induced changes in the immune system, which lead to neuroinflammation and consequent brain alterations, have been suggested as possible neurobiological substrates of anxiety disorders, with previous literature predominantly focusing on panic disorder, agoraphobia, and generalized anxiety disorder, among the anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorders have frequently been associated with chronic stress, with chronically stressful situations being reported to precipitate the onset of anxiety disorders. Also, chronic stress has been reported to lead to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system disruption, which may in turn induce systemic proinflammatory conditions. Preliminary evidence suggests anxiety disorders are also associated with increased inflammation. Systemic inflammation can access the brain, and enhance pro-inflammatory cytokine levels that have been shown to precipitate direct and indirect neurotoxic effects. Prefrontal and limbic structures are widely reported to be influenced by neuroinflammatory conditions. In concordance with these findings, various imaging studies on panic disorder, agoraphobia, and generalized anxiety disorder have reported alterations in structure, function, and connectivity of prefrontal and limbic structures. Further research is needed on the use of inflammatory markers and brain imaging in the early diagnosis of anxiety disorders, along with the possible efficacy of anti-inflammatory interventions on the prevention and treatment of anxiety disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.