SynthesisViruses2020
Avian Influenza Viruses Detected in Birds in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Viruses, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Virucidal efficacy of chlorhexidine: a systematic review.Odontology · 2022Pooled it
- Influenza A and D Viruses in Non-Human Mammalian Hosts in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Viruses · 2021Pooled it
- Using customs data to understand overlooked trade in non-CITES birds between Africa and Asia.Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · 2026Article
- Global dynamics of avian influenza: a twenty-year analysis of highly pathogenic viruses linking the Caspian Basin, Eurasia and Africa sectors (2005-2025).Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Isolation and subtyping of avian influenza A virus from wild birds in Khartoum, Sudan.The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research · 2025Article
- Biosecurity measures and effects on health performance and antibiotic use in semi-intensive broiler farms in Uganda.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Avian influenza in birds: Insights from a comprehensive review.Veterinary world · 2024Review
- Article
- The Public Health Importance and Management of Infectious Poultry Diseases in Smallholder Systems in Africa.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Molecular epidemiology of avian influenza viruses and avian coronaviruses in environmental samples from migratory bird inhabitants in Bangladesh.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- A Quick Review of the Prevalence of Important Infectious Poultry Diseases all Around the World.Recent advances in food, nutrition & agriculture · 2024Review
- Methods and Tools Used for Biosecurity Assessment in Livestock Farms in Africa: A Scoping Review.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Article
- Surveillance and Phylogenetic Characterisation of Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Wild Waterfowl in Zambia in 2015, 2020, and 2021.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2023Article
- Genetic Variations among Different Variants of G1-like Avian Influenza H9N2 Viruses and Their Pathogenicity in Chickens.Viruses · 2022Article
- Bird flu outbreak amidst COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa: Efforts and challenges at hand.Journal of medical virology · 2021Article
- A novel reassortant avian influenza H4N6 virus isolated from an environmental sample during a surveillance in Maharashtra, India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the recent past, sub-Saharan Africa has not escaped the devastating effects of avian influenza virus (AIV) in poultry and wild birds. This systematic review describes the prevalence, spatiotemporal distribution, and virus subtypes detected in domestic and wild birds for the past two decades (2000-2019). We collected data from three electronic databases, PubMed, SpringerLink electronic journals and African Journals Online, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. A total of 1656 articles were reviewed, from which 68 were selected. An overall prevalence of 3.0% AIV in birds was observed. The prevalence varied between regions and ranged from 1.1% to 7.1%. The Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test showed no significant difference in the prevalence of AIV across regions, χ
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.