ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Feasibility and Reliability of SmartWatch to Obtain 3-Lead Electrocardiogram Recordings.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04092985 (Feasibility and Reliability of Smart Watch iECG for the Detection of Cardiac Arrhythmias), which is not on this map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Feasibility and Reliability of Smart Watch iECG for the Detection of Cardiac Arrhythmias (The Leipzig Apple Heart Rhythm Study)
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- Wearable Electrocardiogram Technologies for the Early Detection of Acute Coronary Syndromes.JACC. Asia · 2026Review
- Wearable and Implantable Devices for Continuous Monitoring of Muscle Physiological Activity: A Review.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- The accuracy of Apple Watch measurements: a living systematic review and meta-analysis.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence and ECG: A New Frontier in Cardiac Diagnostics and Prevention.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Are Smart Watches Really Smart? Comparison of Blood Oxygen Saturation Values Measured by Smart Watch, Pulse Oximetry and Arterial Blood Gases in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Article
- Rhythm-Ready: Harnessing Smart Devices to Detect and Manage Arrhythmias.Current cardiology reports · 2024Review
- Application of Convolutional Neural Network for Decoding of 12-Lead Electrocardiogram from a Frequency-Modulated Audio Stream (Sonified ECG).Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
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- Electrocardiogram Devices for Home Use: Technological and Clinical Scoping Review.JMIR cardio · 2023Article
- The electrocardiogram on the wrist: a frightening experience to the untrained consumer: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2023Article
- A Digital Infrastructure for Cardiovascular Patient Care Based on Mobile Health Data and Patient-Reported Outcomes: Concept Details of the Helios TeleWear Project Including Preliminary Experiences.JMIR formative research · 2023Article
- Using a Smartwatch to Record Precordial Electrocardiograms: A Validation Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Development of an AI based automated analysis of pediatric Apple Watch iECGs.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Six-lead electrocardiography compared to single-lead electrocardiography and photoplethysmography of a wrist-worn device for atrial fibrillation detection controlled by premature atrial or ventricular contractions: six is smarter than one.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Novel Design of a Multimodal Technology-Based Smart Stethoscope for Personal Cardiovascular Health Monitoring.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Remote and wearable ECG devices with diagnostic abilities in adults: A state-of-the-science scoping review.Heart rhythm · 2022Article
- Using the Apple Watch to Record Multiple-Lead Electrocardiograms in Detecting Myocardial Infarction: Where Are We Now?Texas Heart Institute journal · 2022Review
- Advancing Digital Medicine with Wearables in the Wild.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Cardiac Rhythm Monitoring Using Wearables for Clinical Guidance before and after Catheter Ablation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Some of the recently released smartwatch products feature a single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) recording capability. The reliability of obtaining 3-lead ECG with smartwatches is yet to be confirmed in a large study. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and reliability of smartwatch to obtain 3-lead ECG recordings, the classical Einthoven ECG leads I-III compared to standard ECG. To record lead I, the watch was worn on the left wrist and the right index finger was placed on the digital crown for 30 s. For lead II, the watch was placed on the lower abdomen and the right index finger was placed on the digital crown for 30 s. For lead III, the same process was repeated with the left index finger. Spearman correlation and Bland-Altman tests were used for data analysis. A total of 300 smartwatch ECG tracings were successfully obtained. ECG waves' characteristics of all three leads obtained from the smartwatch had a similar duration, amplitude, and polarity compared to standard ECG. The results of this study suggested that the examined smartwatch (Apple Watch Series 4) could obtain 3-lead ECG tracings, including Einthoven leads I, II, and III by placing the smartwatch on the described positions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.