ArticleJournal of Korean Neurosurgical Society2021
Intraoperative Neurophysiology Monitoring for Spinal Dysraphism.
Article in Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictive value of intraoperative bulbocavernosus reflex monitoring for postoperative voiding dysfunction after lumbosacral spine surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Review
- Microsurgical Untethering of Pediatric Lipomyelomeningocele: A Stepwise, Photo-Illustrated Technical Note.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Assessing the utility of bulbocavernosus reflex for predicting urological outcome in children with spinal dysraphism surgery.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2026Observational
- The diagnostic accuracy of neuromonitoring for detecting postoperative bowel and bladder dysfunction in spinal oncology surgery: a case series.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2024Article
- Use of Multimodality Intraoperative Neuromonitoring in Tethered Cord Syndrome - Experience from a Tertiary Care Center.Maedica · 2023Article
- Comparison of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring methods for lumbosacral lipoma surgery in infants.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2023Article
- Application of Intraoperative Electromyography Intelligent Monitoring in Orthopedic Surgery under General Anesthesia.Contrast media & molecular imaging · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spinal dysraphism often causes neurological impairment from direct involvement of lesions or from cord tethering. The conus medullaris and lumbosacral roots are most vulnerable. Surgical intervention such as untethering surgery is indicated to minimize or prevent further neurological deficits. Because untethering surgery itself imposes risk of neural injury, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) is indicated to help surgeons to be guided during surgery and to improve functional outcome. Monitoring of electromyography (EMG), motor evoked potential, and bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR) is essential modalities in IONM for untethering. Sensory evoked potential can be also employed to further interpretation. In specific, free-running EMG and triggered EMG is of most utility to identify lumbosacral roots within the field of surgery and filum terminale or non-functioning cord can be also confirmed by absence of responses at higher intensity of stimulation. The sacral nervous system should be vigilantly monitored as pathophysiology of tethered cord syndrome affects the sacral function most and earliest. BCR monitoring can be readily applicable for sacral monitoring and has been shown to be useful for prediction of postoperative sacral dysfunction. Further research is guaranteed because current IONM methodology in spinal dysraphism is still deficient of quantitative and objective evaluation and fails to directly measure the sacral autonomic nervous system.
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