SynthesisNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2021
Systematic Review of Electronic Cigarette Use (Vaping) and Mental Health Comorbidity Among Adolescents and Young Adults.
Synthesis in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 134 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
134 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 264 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaping cessation interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Tobacco control · 2026Pooled it
- Latest developments in the use of e-cigarettes by people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who smoke: a scoping review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Health impacts of electronic nicotine delivery systems: an umbrella review of systematic reviews.BMJ open · 2025Pooled it
- Health Messaging Strategies for Vaping Prevention and Cessation Among Youth and Young Adults: A Systematic Review.Health communication · 2025Pooled it
- Association of electronic cigarette use and suicidal behaviors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Unhealthy behaviors associated with mental health disorders: a systematic comparative review of diet quality, sedentary behavior, and cannabis and tobacco use.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Sharing Antivaping Social Media Messages.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2025Trial
- Pathway from Exposure to an E-Cigarette Prevention Social Media Campaign to Increased Quitting Intentions: A Randomized Trial Among Young Adult E-Cigarette Users.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Trial
- Effects of a Social Media Intervention on Vaping Intentions: Randomized Dose-Response Experiment.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Trial
- Tobacco-Use Susceptibility and Ever-Use Categories in Relation to Depressive Symptoms Among Undergraduates at a Chinese University: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Transitions Between Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms and Associations with Substance Use among US Young Adults, 2016-2023.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- The Relationship Between Combined Lifestyle Behaviors and Mental Illness in Emerging Adults: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Electronic cigarette use, related health outcomes and policy interventions in the USA: a call for research to fill evidence gaps.Tobacco control · 2026Review
- Relational Victimization, Depressive Symptoms, and E-cigarette Use Intentions Among Adolescents: A Parallel Process Growth Curve Model.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2026Article
- Global Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases from E‑Cigarette Exposure: Trend Analysis and 2050 Projections.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Pathways Linking Racial Discrimination to Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among Racial and Ethnic Minority Adolescents.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2026Article
- Associations Between Oral Health Related Outcomes and Electronic Cigarette Use in Young People: A Scoping Review.International journal of paediatric dentistry · 2026Article
- Intersectional identity, risk behaviors, and adolescent mental health in South Korea: who suffers the most in the loneliness epidemic?Dialogues in health · 2026Article
- Harm Perception of Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Versus Regular Cigarettes in Singapore: Findings from a Nationwide Study.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- Reductions to health-related quality of life associated with cigarette use, e-cigarette use, and depression among US adults.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
74 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe prevalence of electronic cigarette (EC) use has risen dramatically among adolescents and young adults (AYA, ages 12-26) over the past decade. Despite extensive established relationships between combustible cigarette use and mental health problems, the mental health comorbidities of EC use remain unclear. AIMS AND
methodsTo provide a systematic review of existing literature on mental health comorbidities of EC use among AYA. Database searches using search terms related to EC, AYA, and mental health identified 1168 unique articles, 87 of which prompted full-text screening. Multiple authors extracted data, applied the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool to evaluate the evidence, and synthesized findings.
resultsForty articles met eligibility criteria (n = 24 predominantly adolescent and 16 predominantly young adult). Analyses yielded three main categories of focus: internalizing disorders (including depression, anxiety, suicidality, eating disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder), externalizing disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder), and transdiagnostic concepts (impulsivity and perceived stress). Significant methodological limitations were noted.
conclusionsYouth EC use is associated with greater mental health problems (compared with nonuse) across several domains, particularly among adolescents. Because many existing studies are cross-sectional, directionality remains uncertain. Well-designed longitudinal studies to investigate long-term mental health sequelae of EC use remain needed. IMPLICATIONS: Forty recent studies demonstrate a variety of mental health comorbidities with AYA EC use, particularly among adolescents. Mental health comorbidities of EC use generally parallel those of combustible cigarette use, with a few exceptions. Future EC prevention and treatment strategies may be enhanced by addressing mental health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.