Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32905479›Full record

ArticleAdvanced materials technologies2020

Electropneumotactile Stimulation: Multimodal Haptic Actuators Enabled by a Stretchable Conductive Polymer on Inflatable Pockets.

Cody W Carpenter, Marigold G Malinao, Tarek A Rafeedi, Daniel Rodriquez, Siew Ting Melissa Tan, Nicholas B Root, Kyle Skelil, Julian Ramírez, Beril Polat, Samuel E Root and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced materials technologies, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Soft actuators for real-world applications.Nature reviews. Materials · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Cody W CarpenterDepartment of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448.
Marigold G MalinaoDepartment of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448.
Tarek A RafeediDepartment of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448.
Daniel RodriquezDepartment of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448.
Siew Ting Melissa TanDepartment of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448.
Nicholas B RootDepartment of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0109, La Jolla, CA 92093-0109.
Kyle SkelilDepartment of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448.
Julian RamírezDepartment of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448.
Beril PolatDepartment of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448.
Samuel E RootDepartment of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448.
Vilayanur S RamachandranDepartment of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0109, La Jolla, CA 92093-0109.
Darren J LipomiDepartment of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448.

Funding

Stretchable, Biodegradable, and Self-Healing Semiconductors for Wearable and Implantable SensorsDP2EB022358 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI LIPOMI, DARREN J · 2015 to 2020
$2.7M
NIBIB NIH HHS DP2 EB022358
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This paper describes a type of haptic device that delivers two modes of stimulation simultaneously and at the same locations on the skin. The two modes of stimulation are mechanical (delivered pneumatically by inflatable air pockets embedded within a silicone elastomer) and electrical (delivered by a conductive polymer). The key enabling aspect of this work is the use of a highly plasticized conductive polymer based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiphene) (PEDOT) blended with elastomeric polyurethane (PU). To fabricate the "electropneumotactile" device, the polymeric electrodes are overlaid directly on top of the elastomeric pneumatic actuator pockets. Co-placement of the pneumatic actuators and the electrotactile electrodes is enabled by the stretchability of the PEDOT:OTs/PU blend, allowing the electrotactiles to conform to underlying pneumatic pockets under deformation. The blend of PEDOT and PU has a Young's modulus of ~150 MPa with little degradation in conductivity following repeated inflation of the air pockets. The ability to perceive simultaneous delivery of two sensations to the same location on the skin are supported by experiments using human subjects. These results show that participants can successfully detect the location of pneumatic stimulation and whether electrotactile stimulation is delivered (yes/no) at a rate significantly above chance (mean accuracy = 94%).

Indexed as

actuatorelectrotactilehapticsPEDOT:PSSpneumatictactile

Identifiers

PMID32905479
PMCPMC7469953

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.