ReviewSN comprehensive clinical medicine2020
COVID-19 and its Modes of Transmission.
Review in SN comprehensive clinical medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the susceptibility of ABO blood group to COVID-19 infection.Transfusion and apheresis science : official journal of the World Apheresis Association : official journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis · 2021Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 and the role of fomite transmission: a systematic review.F1000Research · 2021Pooled it
- The Wells-Riley Model Revisited II: Parameter Uncertainty and Population Heterogeneity.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2026Article
- Understanding post-COVID syndrome in healthcare workers: lessons for future pandemic response.Primary health care research & development · 2025Article
- A spatiotemporal transmission simulator for respiratory infectious diseases and its application to COVID-19.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2025Article
- Geographical and Ecological Drivers of Zoonotic Viral Spillover: A Review of Emerging and Re-emerging Outbreaks.Cureus · 2025Review
- Immune responses underpinning acute co-infections with unrelated viruses: timing and location matter.International immunology · 2025Review
- A Comparative Study on Genotoxic and Oxidative DNA Damage in Oral Epithelial Cells of COVID-19 Suspected Patients.Cureus · 2025Article
- Viral Transmission in Sea Food Systems: Strategies for Control and Emerging Challenges.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures and associated factors among high school students in Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open respiratory research · 2024Article
- Dental radiographic changes in individuals with COVID-19: a controlled retrospective study.Oral radiology · 2024Article
- Epidemiological contemplation for a currently pragmatic COVID-19 health passport: a perspective.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- Emerging priorities and concerns in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic: qualitative and quantitative findings from a United States national survey.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Mental health variables affecting Quality of Life (QOL) among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jazan City, Saudi Arabia.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Burnout level in Pakistani dentists during COVID-19 pandemic: Cross-sectional national study.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Psychosocial predictors of COVID-19 infection in UK biobank (N = 104 201).Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Understanding the impact of mobility on COVID-19 spread: A hybrid gravity-metapopulation model of COVID-19.PLoS computational biology · 2023Article
- Indirect Dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 Live-Attenuated Vaccine and Its Contribution to Herd Immunity.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Article
- Decreased Speech Comprehension and Increased Vocal Efforts Among Healthcare Providers Using N95 Mask.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2023Article
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The World Health Organization recognized SARS-CoV-2 as a public health concern and declared it as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Over 12 million people have been affected across several countries since it was first recognized. SARS-CoV-2 is thought to commonly spread via respiratory droplets formed while talking, coughing, and sneezing of an infected patient. As several cases, with an absence of travel history to the majorly affected areas were identified, a strong possibility of community transmission could have been possible. Broadly, two modes of transmission of COVID-19 exist-direct and indirect. The direct mode includes (1) transmission via aerosols formed via surgical and dental procedures and/or in the form of respiratory droplet nuclei; (2) other body fluids and secretions, for example, feces, saliva, urine, semen, and tears; and (3) mother-to-child. Indirect transmission may occur via (1) fomites or surfaces (e.g., furniture and fixtures) present within the immediate environment of an infected patient and (2) objects used on the infected person (e.g., stethoscope or thermometer). As many of these modes may be underestimated, it is necessary to emphasize and illustrate them. The goal of this paper is to briefly review how SARS-CoV-2 is shown to transmit via various modes and propose measures to reduce the risk of spread within the population and operating personnel.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.