ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2020
Data-Driven Discovery of Predictors of Virtual Reality Safety and Sense of Presence for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Study.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Virtual Reality-Based Physical Exercise Interventions on Behavioral, Executive Function, and Motor Outcomes in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Learning Experience Design and Unpacking Sociocultural, Technological, and Pedagogical Design Considerations of Spherical Video-Based Virtual Reality Systems for Autistic Learners: A Systematic Literature Review.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2024Pooled it
- Comparative effectiveness of virtual reality vs. traditional motor games on developmental functioning and motor skills in autistic children spectrum disorder: a cohort study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Efficacy of non-wearable VR-based behavioral training for preschool children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder: a protocol for an upcoming randomized clinical trial.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Impact of Virtual Reality Intervention on Anxiety and Level of Cooperation in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder during the Dental Examination.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Virtual Reality Utilized for Safety Skills Training for Autistic Individuals: A Review.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Perception and Motion in Real and Virtual Environments: A Narrative Review of Autism Spectrum Disorders.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) offers children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) an inexpensive and motivating medium to learn and practice skills in a personalized, controlled, and safe setting; however, outcomes of VR interventions can vary widely. In particular, there is a need to understand the predictors of VR experience in children with ASD to inform the design of these interventions. To address this gap, a sample of children with ASD (n=35, mean age: 13.0 ± 2.6 years; 10 female) participated in a pilot study involving an immersive VR experience delivered through a head-mounted display. A data-driven approach was used to discover predictors of VR safety and sense of presence among a range of demographic and phenotypic user characteristics. Our results suggest that IQ may be a key predictor of VR sense of presence and that anxiety may modify the association between IQ and sense of presence. In particular, in low-anxiety participants, IQ was linearly related to experienced spatial presence and engagement, whereas, in high-anxiety participants, this association followed a quadratic form. The results of this pilot study, when replicated in larger samples, will inform the design of future studies on VR interventions for children with ASD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.