ArticleEnvironmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.)2020
Long-term effects of latitude, ambient temperature, and ultraviolet radiation on the incidence of multiple sclerosis in two cohorts of US women.
Article in Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global and Regional Trends in Multiple Sclerosis Incidence with Projections to 2030: A Joinpoint Regression Analysis of the GBD Data 2021 by Socio-Demographic Index and WHO Regions.Annals of global health · 2026Article
- Temporal Trend and Health Inequality in the Burden of Autoimmune Diseases Among Older Adolescents and Young Adults Aged 15-29 Years.Archives of rheumatology · 2025Article
- Seasonal variation in sunlight exposure is differently associated with changes in T regulatory and T-helper 17 cell blood counts in adolescent and adults females: a pilot study.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2025Article
- Article
- The incidence and prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of multiple sclerosis in China: a narrative review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Review
- Ultraviolet radiation and age at natural menopause in a nationwide, prospective US cohort.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Sodium Toxicity in the Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutritional Immunology of COVID-19.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Article
- Heat Exposure and Multiple Sclerosis-A Regional and Temporal Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDifferences in multiple sclerosis (MS) risk by latitude have been observed worldwide; however, the exposures driving these associations are unknown. Ultraviolet radiation (UV) has been explored as a risk factor, and ambient temperature has been correlated with disease progression. However, no study has examined the impact of all three exposures. We examined the association between these exposures and incidence of MS within two nationwide prospective cohorts of women, the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII).
methodsBoth cohorts were followed with biennial questionnaires to ascertain new diagnoses and risk factors. Time-varying exposures to latitude, cumulative average July temperature (°C), and cumulative average July erythemal UV (mW/m
resultsIn multivariable models, there were suggestions that decreasing latitude (meta-analysis multivariable-adjusted HR = 0.72; 95% CI 0.55, 0.94 for women living <35.73° compared with those ≥42.15°,
conclusionOur results suggest that adult exposures to decreasing latitude and increasing temperature, but not UV, were associated with reduced MS risk in these two cohorts of women. Studies of MS incidence may want to consider temperature as a risk factor.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.