ReviewBMC biomedical engineering2019
The problem with skeletal muscle series elasticity.
Review in BMC biomedical engineering, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Muscle Architecture Adaptations to Static Stretching Training: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.Sports medicine - open · 2023Pooled it
- Acute effects of cold, heat and contrast pressure therapy on forearm muscles regeneration in combat sports athletes: a randomized clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Towards a Conceptual Framework for Mechanical Dose in Skeletal Muscle: Integrating Mechanobiology and Resistance Training.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Review
- A soft perceptive multimodal locomotion robot via double-helix fiber-reinforced artificial muscles.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2026Article
- Lower leg EMG and H-reflex activity during double-leg hopping and landing.Journal of neurophysiology · 2026Article
- 3D Fiber-Reinforced Forward Musculoskeletal Modeling of the Lower Limb Using HD-sEMG and CFD-FE Coupling.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Intra- and inter-session reliability of the MyotonPro in measuring the biomechanical and viscoelastic properties of the knee extensor and flexor muscles.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Mechanisms of Sustained Force Production in the Musculature of the Southern Alligator Lizard (Elgaria multicarinata).Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology · 2026Article
- The influence of muscle mass on the coordination required for efficient movement.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Effects of minute oscillation stretching training on muscle and tendon stiffness and walking capability in people with type 2 diabetes.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Article
- Structure and function of Achilles and patellar tendons following moderate slow resistance training in young and old men.European journal of applied physiology · 2024Article
- Full Hill-type muscle model of the I1/I3 retractor muscle complex in Aplysia californica.Biological cybernetics · 2024Article
- Active viscoelastic models for cell and tissue mechanics.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- Reliability of MyotonPro in measuring the biomechanical properties of the quadriceps femoris muscle in people with different levels and types of motor preparation.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
- Changes in mechanical properties at the muscle level could be detected by Nakagami imaging during in-vivo fixed-end contractions.PloS one · 2024Article
- Attenuation of muscle spindle firing with artificially increased series compliance during stretch of relaxed muscle.Experimental physiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Motoneuron-driven computational muscle modelling with motor unit resolution and subject-specific musculoskeletal anatomy.PLoS computational biology · 2023Article
- A Conceptual Exploration of Hamstring Muscle-Tendon Functioning during the Late-Swing Phase of Sprinting: The Importance of Evidence-Based Hamstring Training Frameworks.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Review
- In Vivo Strain Patterns in the Achilles Tendon During Dynamic Activities: A Comprehensive Survey of the Literature.Sports medicine - open · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Muscles contain contractile and (visco-) elastic passive components. At the latest since Hill's classic works in the 1930s, it has been known that these elastic components affect the length and rate of change in length of the contractile component, and thus the active force capability of dynamically working muscles. In an attempt to elucidate functional properties of these muscle elastic components, scientists have introduced the notion of "series" and "parallel" elasticity. Unfortunately, this has led to much confusion and erroneous interpretations of results when the mechanical definitions of parallel and series elasticity were violated. In this review, I will focus on muscle series elasticity, by first providing the mechanical definition for series elasticity, and then provide theoretical and experimental examples of the concept of series elasticity. Of particular importance is the treatment of aponeuroses. Aponeuroses are not in series with the tendon of a muscle nor the muscle's contractile elements. The implicit and explicit treatment of aponeuroses as series elastic elements in muscle has led to incorrect conclusions about aponeuroses stiffness and Young's modulus, and has contributed to vast overestimations of the storage and release of mechanical energy in cyclic muscle contractions. Series elasticity is a defined mechanical concept that needs to be treated carefully when applied to skeletal muscle mechanics. Measuring aponeuroses mechanical properties in a muscle, and its possible contribution to the storage and release of mechanical energy is not trivial, and to my best knowledge, has not been (correctly) done yet.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.