ArticlePloS one2020
State-level income inequality and the odds for meeting fruit and vegetable recommendations among US adults.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cross-Sectional Evaluation of WIC Participation Status and Massachusetts Children's Nutrition after the Cash-Value Benefit Increase.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2026Article
- Food Consumption Inequalities in Primary Care in a Large Metropolis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Exploring the longitudinal associations between census division income inequality and BMI trajectories among Canadian adolescent: Is gender an effect modifier?SSM - population health · 2023Article
- Change in Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Adherence to the Cancer Prevention Lifestyle Guidelines in Hispanic/Latino Adults: Results from the HCHS/SOL Study.Cancer research communications · 2023Article
- Disparities in fruit and vegetable intake at the intersection of gender and education in northern Sweden: a cross-sectional study.BMC nutrition · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundPrevious research indicates that income inequality is associated with risk for mortality, self-rated health status, chronic conditions, and health behavior, such as physical activity. However, little is known about the relationship between income inequality and dietary intake, which is a major risk factor for common chronic diseases including heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and certain types of cancers. The objective of this study is to determine the association between US state income inequality and fruit and vegetable consumption among adults.
methodsCross-sectional data on 270,612 U.S. adults from the U.S. 2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System was used. Fruit and vegetable consumption was assessed from the six-item fruit and vegetable frequency questionnaire, which is part of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Multilevel modeling was used to determine whether US state-level income inequality (measured by the z-transformation of the Gini coefficient) was associated with fruit and vegetable consumption adjusting for individual-level and state-level covariates.
resultsIn comparison to men, women were more likely to consume fruits and vegetables ≥5 times daily, fruits ≥2 times daily, vegetables ≥3 times of daily, and less likely to consume fruit juice daily. Among both men and women, a standard deviation increase in Gini coefficient was associated with an increase in consuming fruit juice daily (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.11). However, among women, a standard deviation increase in Gini coefficient was associated with a decreased likelihood in meeting daily recommended levels of both fruits and vegetables (OR = 0.93; 0.87-0.99), fruits only (OR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92-0.99) and vegetables only (OR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.89-0.96).
conclusionsThis study is one of the first to show the relationship between income inequality and fruit and vegetable consumption among U.S. adults empirically. Women's health is more likely to be detrimentally affected when living in a state with higher income inequality.
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