ArticleCancer2020
Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint blockade in self-identified Black patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
Article in Cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of Personal Characteristics and Effectiveness of Immunotherapy in Late-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2022Pooled it
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Outcomes in NSCLC Across Populations and Practice Settings.JTO clinical and research reports · 2026Article
- Safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in a diverse patient population: a single-institution experience.Ecancermedicalscience · 2026Article
- Impact of race/ethnicity and the presence of immune-related adverse events on outcomes for non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2026Article
- The impact of immune-related adverse events on survival outcomes in a racially diverse population, with a focus on non-Hispanic Black patients.The oncologist · 2025Article
- Association of systemic therapy with survival among adults with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Article
- Effectiveness and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in Black patients versus White patients in a US national health system: a retrospective cohort study.The Lancet. Oncology · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the Immune Response within the Tumor Microenvironment in African American and Non-Hispanic White Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Article
- Clinical Outcomes of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Unique Cohorts Underrepresented in Clinical Trials.Cancers · 2024Article
- Article
- Impact of Race on Outcomes of Advanced Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Immunotherapy.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Article
- A risk score combining co-expression modules related to myeloid cells and alternative splicing associates with response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in non-small cell lung cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of immunological agents in non-small cell lung cancer.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2023Review
- Persistent ethnicity-associated disparity in anti-tumor effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors despite equal access.Cancer research communications · 2022Review
- Investigation of racial differences in survival from non-small cell lung cancer with immunotherapy use: A Texas study.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- PaOScientific reports · 2021Article
- Insights for Oncology Trials Garnered From the Rapid Development of an mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine.Cancer journal (Sudbury, Mass.)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTo the authors' knowledge, race-based differences in efficacy for the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have not been studied to date due to the underrepresentation of patients of minority backgrounds in pivotal trials. In the current study, the authors examined real-world differences in outcome in a diverse patient population.
methodsThe authors retrospectively analyzed the clinical outcomes of patients with advanced NSCLC who were treated with single-agent immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) between 2013 and July 2018 at Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia. Primary efficacy comparison between Black patients and White patients was performed using bivariate and multivariate analyses for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).
resultsData from 257 patients were analyzed. The median age of the patients was 69 years; 50.6% of the patients were female, 63.4% were White, 29.5% were Black, and 7.1% of the patients were of "other" race. ICB was the first-line treatment in 51 patients (19.9%), the second-line treatment in 161 patients (62.6%), and the third-line treatment in 33 patients (12.9%). The most commonly used agents were nivolumab (49.0%), pembrolizumab (25.2%), and atezolizumab (21.3%). No differences with regard to OS (P = .839) and PFS (P = .235) were noted between Black and White patients. The sample overall response rate was 20.6% (15.2% in Black patients and 23.1% in White patients). No differences with regard to OS (P = .081) and PFS (P = .176) were observed between female and male patients. The rate of immune-related adverse events was found to be similar in Black and White patients (20.0% vs 29.9%; P = .148). On multivariate analysis, race was not found to be significantly associated with OS or PFS.
conclusionsReal-world analysis of the authors' institutional experience demonstrated similar efficacy and tolerability of ICB in Black versus White patients with advanced NSCLC. Larger multi-institutional studies including other US minority populations would make the findings of the current study more generalizable.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.