ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2021
Oral Glucocorticoids and Incident Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, and Venous Thromboembolism in Children.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent antibiotic exposure and response to treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a retrospective cohort study.Arthritis research & therapy · 2026Article
- Childhood systemic glucocorticoid exposure and subsequent alterations in myocardial structure and cardiac function: a narrative review of clinical evidence.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- A real-world investigation of drug-induced hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus in pediatric populations using the FDA adverse event reporting system.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Trends in New Use of Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Among Commercially Insured Children in the United States from 2001 to 2022.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Safe Use of Corticosteroids in Non-Infectious Uveitis.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Dark chocolate intake and cardiovascular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The long-term (five years) effects of prednisone therapy in children with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome: A controlled study of anthropometric parameters and metabolic abnormalities.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2022Article
- Applicability of the Padua scale for Chinese rheumatic in-patients with venous thromboembolism.PloS one · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Rates of incident treatment were quantified in this study for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with oral glucocorticoid exposure in children aged 1-18 years. The retrospective cohort included more than 930,000 children diagnosed with autoimmune diseases (namely, inflammatory bowel disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, or psoriasis) or a nonimmune comparator condition (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) identified using US Medicaid claims (2000-2010). Associations of glucocorticoid dose per age- and sex-imputed weight with incident treated diabetes, hypertension, and VTE were estimated using Cox regression models. Crude rates were lowest for VTE (unexposed: 0.5/million person-days (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.4, 0.6); currently exposed: 15.6/million person-days (95% CI: 11.8, 20.1)) and highest for hypertension (unexposed: 6.7/million person-days (95% CI: 6.5, 7.0); currently exposed: 74.4/million person-days (95% CI: 65.7, 83.9)). Absolute rates for all outcomes were higher in unexposed and exposed children with autoimmune diseases compared with those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Strong dose-dependent relationships were found between current glucocorticoid exposure and all outcomes (adjusted hazard ratios for high-dose glucocorticoids: for diabetes mellitus, 5.93 (95% CI: 3.94, 8.91); for hypertension, 19.13 (95% CI: 15.43, 23.73); for VTE, 16.16 (95% CI: 8.94, 29.22)). These results suggest strong relative risks, but low absolute risks, of newly treated VTE, diabetes, and especially hypertension in children taking high-dose oral glucocorticoids.
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