ArticleSurgery today2021
How pregnancy and childbirth affect the working conditions and careers of women surgeons in Japan: findings of a nationwide survey conducted by the Japan Surgical Society.
Article in Surgery today, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Timing and motivation behind the decision to become a surgeon: Gender and optimal recruitment insights.Surgery today · 2026Article
- Surgical training outcomes of female versus male surgeons in Japan.Surgery today · 2026Article
- Early exposure to a career in surgery through a hands-on robotics seminar for teenage girls.Surgery today · 2026Article
- Gender disparity and overestimation of the involvement of male surgeons in childcare in the Japanese Surgical Community.Surgery today · 2025Article
- Motherhood penalty for female physicians in Japan: evidence from a medical school's alumni data.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Gender Diversity of the Japanese Society for Spine Surgery and Related Research Annual Meetings from 2013 to 2022.Spine surgery and related research · 2024Article
- Gender Gap in Parental Leave Among Physicians in Japan.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Occupational stress and related factors among childless working women in their 20s-40s: A pregnancy perspective.Environmental and occupational health practice · 2023Article
- Clinical course and outcome of differentiated thyroid cancer patients with pregnancy after diagnosis of distant metastasis.Endocrine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 14 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo identify the conflicts between a career as a surgeon and pregnancy and childbirth for women in Japan.
methodsThe Japan Surgical Society conducted a nationwide survey on pregnancy and childbirth among its members who are women. The questionnaire included items regarding demography, working styles, and pregnancy and childbirth, including adverse events and harassment.
resultsThe response rate was 29.9% (1068 responses, median age, 37 years). Among the responders, 61% were married and 47% had children (average number of children, 1.7). Half of the respondents reported having experienced sexual harassment and 62% reported having received unwelcome comments about pregnancy. About 20% had undergone fertility treatment. In total, 51% had pregnancies, with miscarriages in 33% of these. The top answer for the best timing for pregnancy and childbirth was after becoming board-certified. Nearly one-third of first-time mothers experienced adverse events during pregnancy and delivery, and 28% quit or changed their job because of their pregnancy and the birth of their first child.
conclusionsJapanese women who choose a career as a surgeon face obstacles during pregnancy and childbirth. It is vital to share the findings of this study and understand the issues associated with pregnancy and childbirth regardless of gender. Interventions are essential to ensure that every pregnant surgeon has a safe working environment to allow unobstructed development of her career.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.