ReviewDrug delivery and translational research2021
Corticosteroids in ophthalmology: drug delivery innovations, pharmacology, clinical applications, and future perspectives.
Review in Drug delivery and translational research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 118 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
118 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 235 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review of Postvaccination Ocular Adverse Events: A Comprehensive Analysis of Published Reports.Journal of medical virology · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of intravitreal conbercept and triamcinolone acetonide for wet age-related macular degeneration in China: a meta-analysis.International ophthalmology · 2024Pooled it
- Role of corticosteroids in the treatment of critically ill sepsis patients: a meta-analysis review.Inflammopharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Safety, Tolerability and PK Characteristics of RM301B Eye Drops: A Single-Centre, Randomized, Double-Blind, Dose-Escalation, Placebo-Controlled Phase I Clinical Trial.Advances in therapy · 2026Trial
- Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Combined with Dexamethasone Implant Therapy for Macular Edema: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Aptamers in Ocular Disease Therapy and Drug Delivery: Current Progress and Future Opportunities.Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental · 2026Review
- Advanced Ophthalmic Drug Delivery in Homocystinuria Type CblC: A Translational Review of Ophthalmic Pathologies and Therapeutic Opportunities.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Design of Eudragit E100 Films Incorporating Lipoic Acid as a Permeability-Enhancing Platform for Prednisolone Delivery in the Treatment of Ophthalmic Diseases.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Article
- Visual Impairment Following Periocular Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection into the Lacrimal Gland: A Case Report and Literature Review.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Review
- Frequency-dependent risk of steroid-induced ocular hypertension.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Targeting injury-induced transglutaminase-2 activity with a cementoin-SLPI fusion protein: a novel therapeutic strategy for alkali-induced corneal injury.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Size-shrinking nanoparticles with high drug-protein payload for efficient, non-invasive treatment of corneal neovascularization.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Review
- Trabeculotomy outcomes in paediatric patients with steroid-induced ocular hypertension or glaucoma: a case series and literature review.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Pharmacological, Natural and Emerging Therapies for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Review.Drugs · 2026Review
- Icariin alleviates corneal neovascularization by regulating inflammation through inhibition of macrophage polarization and the NF-κB pathway.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Non-invasive pharmacological advances in early retinopathy treatment: bioactive herbal compounds, polymer delivery systems, and computational bioprospecting of functional targets.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2026Review
- Mucus fishing syndrome: clinical spectrum and update on its multifactorial pathogenic mechanisms.International ophthalmology · 2026Observational
- Bibliometric and visualized analysis of the therapeutic application of suprachoroidal space from 2000 to 2024.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Article
- Steroid-related mechanisms in ocular health and disease: therapeutic effects, adverse events, and stress-related modulators. A narrative literature overview.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Corticosteroids remain the mainstay of the treatment for various ocular conditions affecting the ocular surface, anterior and posterior segments of the eye due to their anti-inflammatory, anti-oedematous, and anti-neovascularization properties. Prednisolone, prednisolone acetate, dexamethasone, triamcinolone acetonide, fluocinolone acetonide, and loteprednol etabonate are amongst the most widely used ophthalmic corticosteroids. Corticosteroids differ in their activity and potency in the eye due to their inherent pharmacological and pharmaceutical differences. Different routes and regimens are available for ocular administration of corticosteroids. Conventional topical application to the eye is the route of choice when targeting diseases affecting the ocular surface and anterior segment, while periocular, intravitreal, and suprachoroidal injections can be potentially effective for posterior segment diseases. Corticosteroid-induced intraocular pressure elevation and cataract formation remain the most significant local risks following topical as well as systemic corticosteroid administration. Invasive drug administration via intracameral, subconjunctival, and intravitreal injection can enhance ocular bioavailability and minimize dose and dosing frequency of administration, yet may exacerbate ocular side effects of corticosteroids. This review provides a critical appraisal of the ophthalmic uses of corticosteroid, routes of administration, drug delivery fundamentals and novel ocular implantable steroid delivery systems, factors influencing side effects, and future perspectives for ocular corticosteroid therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.