ArticleEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience2021
Double bookkeeping and schizophrenia spectrum: divided unified phenomenal consciousness.
Article in European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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23 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Navigating a fragmented lifeworld: a phenomenological study of schizophrenia among China's Z Generation.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Delusional disorder and its differentiation from schizophrenia: A narrative review.Psychological medicine · 2026Review
- The Concept of Autism in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder: Historical Divergence and Phenomenological Rapprochement.Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026Review
- Poor insight and self-disorders in schizophrenia: an empirical study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Delusional Experiences Emerging From AI Chatbot Interactions or "AI Psychosis".JMIR mental health · 2025Review
- From neuronal to mental topography - Neurophenomenology of auditory hallucinations.Translational psychiatry · 2025Review
- "Schizophrenia, Consciousness, and the Self" Twenty Years Later: Revisiting the Ipseity-Disturbance Model and the Developmental Nature of Self-Disorder in the Schizophrenia Spectrum.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Review
- The Evolution of Symbolic Thought: At the Intersection of Schizophrenia Psychopathology, Ethnoarchaeology, and Neuroscience.Culture, medicine and psychiatry · 2024Article
- Making Sense of Recovery From First Psychosis With Antipsychotic Medication: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2024Article
- Double bookkeeping in schizophrenia spectrum disorder: an empirical-phenomenological study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2024Article
- Self-Disorder in Schizophrenia: A Revised View (1. Comprehensive Review-Dualities of Self- and World-Experience).Schizophrenia bulletin · 2024Review
- Refining the Diagnostic Criteria for Schizophrenia: An Infinite Task.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2024Article
- An Empirical-Phenomenological Exploration of Anderssein (Feeling Different) in Schizophrenia: Being in-between Particular and Universal.Psychopathology · 2024Article
- Close, yet so far away: a phenomenology of the praecox feeling in the diagnosis of schizophrenia as intercorporeal alienness.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- Changes of intuition in paranoid personality disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Review
- The phenomenological model of depression: from methodological challenges to clinical advancements.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Linguistic markers and basic self-disturbances among adolescents at risk of psychosis. A qualitative study.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- Delusion and Reason.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2022Article
- The recovery of homicidal people diagnosed with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder-An interpretative phenomenological analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Social Perception Deficit as a Factor of Vulnerability to Psychosis: A Brief Proposal for a Definition.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Eugen Bleuler, the founder of the concept of schizophrenia, pointed out that psychotic patients were able to live in two disjoint worlds (namely, the social, intersubjective world and the delusional world). He termed this phenomenon "double bookkeeping," but did not provide any conceptual elaboration of this phenomenon or its possible mechanisms. Double bookkeeping has been neglected in mainstream psychiatry, but it has been addressed in recent theoretical work, however mainly concerned with the issue of delusion. In this article, we present clinical material that supports the view that double bookkeeping manifests itself across various psychotic phenomena and its antecedent may be observed in premorbid (pre-onset) phases as well as in the schizotypal disorder. We try to conceptualize double bookkeeping to concretize an often atmospheric perception of paradoxicality in the encounter with the patient. A phenomenological analysis of double bookkeeping suggests an instability in the affective ("auto-affection") articulation of selfhood. We point to four main implications of our presentation: (1) diagnostic, (2) epistemological, (3) therapeutic and (4) pathogenetic research.
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