ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2020
CSF1R inhibition by a small-molecule inhibitor is not microglia specific; affecting hematopoiesis and the function of macrophages.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 196 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
196 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 345 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microglia associated research in depression: an exploratory trends analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Myeloid Cell Expansion Propels Right Ventricular Dysfunction in HFpEF Through Sterile Inflammation.Circulation · 2026Article
- Microglia and neuroinflammation: An in-depth analysis from functional diversity to disease mechanisms.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Review
- Reduced colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor expression in myeloid cells has limited impact on chronic lymphocytic leukaemia progression.British journal of haematology · 2026Article
- CSF1R+ macrophage and osteoclast depletion impairs neural crest proliferation and craniofacial morphogenesis.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- CSF1R+ Macrophages and Osteoclasts Are Essential for Limb Bone Development During Embryogenesis.Journal of developmental biology · 2026Article
- Csf1r-mediated depletion of myeloid cells prevents dopaminergic neuron loss during chronic colitis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- TMEM119+ microglia MHC class I restricted antigen presentation impacts CD8 T cell memory, effector status, and blood-brain barrier disruption during neurotropic virus infection.Research square · 2026Article
- Enhancing the specificity of microglia genetic targeting using a CSF1R inhibitor.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Brain-engrafted monocyte-derived macrophages from blood and skull-bone marrow exhibit distinct properties.Neuron · 2026Article
- Delayed microglial depletion protects against white matter injury following neonatal cerebral hemorrhage in mice.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Sex-Dependent Effects of CSF1R-Mediated Myeloid Cell Depletion in a Mouse Model of Multiple System Atrophy.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Article
- Neuregulin-1 facilitates myelin regeneration through microglia-mediated mechanisms in a mouse model of chronic demyelination.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Microglial Plasticity in Vascular Dementia: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Reprogramming.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- PLX5622 did not alter anxiety-like behaviour and showed limited microglial depletion efficacy in a spinal cord injury model in female rats.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Hypothalamic arcuate microglia in sepsis: AgRP circuit engagement and ARHGAP24-dependent remodeling.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Ginsenoside Rg2 attenuates secondary brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage by inhibiting NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibition is neuroprotective to photoreceptors in retinal detachment.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Pharmacological Depletion of Retinal Mononuclear Phagocytes Is Neuroprotective in a Mouse Model of Mitochondrial Optic Neuropathy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Microglial epigenetic memory is associated with accelerated resolution of inflammatory pain induced by prophylactic macrophage-derived small extracellular vesicles.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
136 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibition has been proposed as a method for microglia depletion, with the assumption that it does not affect peripheral immune cells. Here, we show that CSF1R inhibition by PLX5622 indeed affects the myeloid and lymphoid compartments, causes long-term changes in bone marrow-derived macrophages by suppressing interleukin 1β, CD68, and phagocytosis but not CD208, following exposure to endotoxin, and also reduces the population of resident and interstitial macrophages of peritoneum, lung, and liver but not spleen. Thus, small-molecule CSF1R inhibition is not restricted to microglia, causing strong effects on circulating and tissue macrophages that perdure long after cessation of the treatment. Given that peripheral monocytes repopulate the central nervous system after CSF1R inhibition, these changes have practical implications for relevant experimental data.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.