SynthesisJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2020
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer.
Synthesis in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Immunotherapeutic Regimens with PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors for Previously Untreated Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2021Pooled it
- Beta-glucans in oncology: revolutionizing treatment with immune power & tumor targeting.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors versus programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors for the first-line therapy of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a propensity score-matched study.Future oncology (London, England) · 2025Article
- Acute pancreatitis secondary to small-cell lung cancer metastasis: A case report and literature review.World journal of clinical cases · 2025Article
- Review
- Expanding the immunotherapy universe in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: from chemoimmunotherapy backbone to next-wave combinations.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors plus platinum-etoposideTranslational cancer research · 2024Article
- Influence of Gut Microbiota-Mediated Immune Regulation on Response to Chemotherapy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Gene features of tumor-specific T cells relevant to immunotherapy, targeted therapy and chemotherapy in lung cancer.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Review
- Clinical efficacy of Camrelizumab combined with first-line chemotherapy in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Article
- Safety and efficacy of thoracic radiotherapy combined with chemo-immunotherapy in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a multicenter retrospective analysis.Translational lung cancer research · 2023Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment of brain metastasis associated with a less invasive growth pattern, higher T-cell infiltration and raised tumor ADC on diffusion weighted MRI.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Article
- A retrospective real-world experience of immunotherapy in patients with extensive stage small-cell lung cancer.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- The maximum tumor growth rate predicts clinical outcomes of patients with small-cell lung cancer undergoing first-line chemotherapy plus immune-checkpoint inhibitor therapy.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- The role of thoracic consolidative radiotherapy in the setting of immunotherapy in extensive stage small cell lung cancer.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2023Review
- PD-L1 expression and smoke exposure as biomarkers for optimizing adjuvant therapy for patients with resected limited-stage small-cell lung carcinoma.Genes & diseases · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We performed a meta-analysis to comprehensively investigate the efficacy and safety of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) plus chemotherapy in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). The secondary outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR) and ≥grade 3 adverse events (AEs). A total of six studies involving 2905 patients were identified, including 469 patients receiving program death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor plus chemotherapy, 308 receiving PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy, 563 receiving CTLA-4 inhibitors plus chemotherapy, 268 receiving PD-L1/CTLA-4 inhibitors plus chemotherapy, and 1297 receiving chemotherapy alone. 10.8% (283/2615) patients had baseline brain metastases (BMs). Notably, ICIs plus chemotherapy was associated with significantly improved OS (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.89). Subgroup analyses revealed that PD-1 inhibitors (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.92) and PD-L1 inhibitors (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.85) plus chemotherapy yielded a statistically significant improvement in OS while CTLA-4 inhibitors did not (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.06). In patients with baseline BMs, ICIs plus chemotherapy showed no survival benefits over chemotherapy alone (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.64). ICIs plus chemotherapy also significantly prolonged PFS (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.87) while the pooled ORRs were comparable between ICIs plus chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone (RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.10). Patients treated with CTLA-4 inhibitors (relative risk (RR), 1.12; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.28) experienced more≥grade 3 AEs than those treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.11). The addition of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors to chemotherapy resulted in significant improvements in both PFS and OS for patients with treatment-naïve ES-SCLC, not at the cost of increased AEs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.