ArticleProceedings. Biological sciences2020
New Middle Miocene Ape (Primates: Hylobatidae) from Ramnagar, India fills major gaps in the hominoid fossil record.
Article in Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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6 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early catarrhine evolution in the light of semicircular canal and vestibule shape.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
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- Morphometric characterization of Holocene mandibles expands the ecological baseline for understanding gibbon extinction dynamics.Royal Society open science · 2025Article
- The Miocene primate Pliobates is a pliopithecoid.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The reconstructed cranium ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
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8 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The fossil record of 'lesser apes' (i.e. hylobatids = gibbons and siamangs) is virtually non-existent before the latest Miocene of East Asia. However, molecular data strongly and consistently suggest that hylobatids should be present by approximately 20 Ma; thus, there are large temporal, geographical, and morphological gaps between early fossil apes in Africa and the earliest fossil hylobatids in China. Here, we describe a new approximately 12.5-13.8 Ma fossil ape from the Lower Siwaliks of Ramnagar, India, that fills in these long-standing gaps with implications for hylobatid origins. This ape represents the first new hominoid species discovered at Ramnagar in nearly a century, the first new Siwalik ape taxon in more than 30 years, and likely extends the hylobatid fossil record by approximately 5 Myr, providing a minimum age for hylobatid dispersal coeval to that of great apes. The presence of crown hylobatid molar features in the new species indicates an adaptive shift to a more frugivorous diet during the Middle Miocene, consistent with other proposed adaptations to frugivory (e.g. uricase gene silencing) during this time period as well.
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