ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease, with Emphasis on Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, and Heart Failure.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06304948 (The Link Between Human Cytomegalovirus Gene Expression and Glutamate Levels in Migraine), which is not on this map. Cited by 173 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Link Between Human Cytomegalovirus Gene Expression and Glutamate Levels in Migraine :Relationship to the Vit D Deficiency
Who cites it
173 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 270 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of evidence-based clinical guidelines for vitamin D screening and supplementation over the last decade.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Pooled it
- Dietary strategies and nutritional supplements in the management of heart failure: a systematic review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Vitamin D Supplementation and Cardiovascular Disease Risks in More Than 134000 Individuals in 29 Randomized Clinical Trials and 157000 Individuals in 30 Prospective Cohort Studies: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of research in health sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of vitamin D supplementation on ovulation and pregnancy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Vitamin D and adrenal gland: Myth or reality? A systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- The effect of pregnancy vitamin D supplementation on maternal blood pressure: real-world data analysis within the MAVIDOS randomised placebo-controlled trial.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2025Trial
- The direct and urinary electrolyte-mediated effects of ambient temperature on population blood pressure: A causal mediation analysis.Environment international · 2025Trial
- Vericiguat on C-reactive Protein Level and Prognosis in Patients with Hypertensive Heart Failure.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2024Trial
- Low vitamin D levels are linked with increased cardiovascular disease risk in young adults: a sub-study and secondary analyses from the ACTIBATE randomized controlled trial.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Trial
- Impact of Vitamin D3 Versus Placebo on Cardiac Structure and Function: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Trial
- Article
- Cell-Surface Signatures and Targets of Modulated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis: From State Identification to Precision Intervention.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Review
- Vitamin D and Health: Establishing Causal Relationships Through Observational Evidence and Hill's Criteria in a Biological Framework.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Heparanase, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Cardiovascular Risk: The Emerging Role of Vitamin D.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Review
- The association between vitamin D and hypothyroidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrition & metabolism · 2026Review
- Potential Value of a Combination ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Association between uterine fibroids and hypertension among women of reproductive age in Eastern Sudan: a matched case-control study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The Vicious Cycle of Diabetic Kidney Disease, Vitamin D Deficiency, and Arterial Hypertension.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Association between vitamin D levels and psychological stress-induced asthma prevalence: an untargeted metabolomics study combined with the NHANES database.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Association between vitamin D deficiency and adrenal gland, kidney function, indicators related to cardiovascular function in hypertensive patients.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
113 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency, affecting almost one billion people worldwide. Vitamin D is mostly known for its role in intestinal calcium absorption and bone mineralization. However, the observation of seasonal changes in blood pressure and the subsequent identification of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and 1α-hydroxylase in cardiomyocytes, as well as endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, implicated a role of vitamin D in the cardiovascular system. Animal studies provided compelling evidence that vitamin D signaling is essential for cardiovascular integrity, especially for the regulation of vascular tone and as an antifibrotic and antihypertrophic signaling pathway in the heart. In addition, observational studies reported an association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. However, recent clinical intervention studies failed to prove the causal relationship between vitamin D supplementation and beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. In this review, we aim to highlight our current understanding of the role of vitamin D in the cardiovascular system and to find potential explanations for the large discrepancies between the outcome of experimental studies and clinical intervention trials.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.